对种族社会建构的早期发展见解。

IF 3.7 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI:10.1037/xge0001670
Jamie Amemiya, Daniela Sodré, Gail D Heyman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

社会将人们归入种族类别的方式会产生深远的社会、经济和政治影响。确定种族界限的一个框架是基于血统,历史上,血统曾被用来创建僵化的种族类别,尤其是在被归类为白人方面。第二种框架是基于肤色,肤色在家庭内部和整个生命周期中都会有所不同,因此更有可能模糊种族界限。这些关于种族的独特文化观念的持续存在需要将它们传递给每一代人,但很少有关于它们在儿童时期发展的跨文化研究。这项研究的参与者(5-12 岁儿童,人数 = 123)分别来自美国和巴西,前者的祖先模式更为普遍,而后者的肤色模式更为普遍。在这两个国家,5 到 7 岁的儿童都赞同肤色决定种族的观点,例如,他们把肤色不同的亲生兄弟姐妹归入不同的种族类别。然而,在 10 至 12 岁的儿童中,种族观念却出现了分化,美国的儿童更倾向于以祖先为基础进行分类,而巴西的儿童随着年龄的增长,则更倾向于以肤色为基础进行分类。这些不同的观念在白人种族分类方面尤为明显:巴西的大龄儿童坚持把有非洲血统的肤色较浅的人归类为白人,这与美国的大龄儿童不同。这些发现为了解种族分类系统的发展和文化影响提供了重要启示。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Early developmental insights into the social construction of race.

The way that societies assign people to racial categories has far-reaching social, economic, and political consequences. One framework for establishing racial boundaries is based on ancestry, which historically has been leveraged to create rigid racial categories, particularly with respect to being categorized as White. A second framework is based on skin tone, which can vary within families and across the lifespan, and is thus more likely to blur racial boundaries. The persistence of these distinct cultural beliefs about race requires that they be transmitted to each new generation, but there have been few cross-cultural studies on their development during childhood. Participants (5- to 12-year-old children, N = 123) were from the United States, in which the ancestry model has been more prevalent, or from Brazil, in which the skin tone model has been more prevalent. In both countries, 5- to 7-year-olds endorsed the belief that skin tone determines race, for example, by assigning biological siblings with differing skin tones to different racial categories. However, racial concepts diverged among the 10- to 12-year-olds, with children from the United States shifting toward a classification based on ancestry and children in Brazil endorsing a classification based on skin tone even more strongly with age. These differing conceptions were especially evident with reference to White racial categorization: Older children from Brazil persisted in classifying lighter skinned people as White when they had African ancestry, unlike older children from the United States. These findings provide important insights into the developmental and cultural influences on racial classification systems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
300
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: General publishes articles describing empirical work that bridges the traditional interests of two or more communities of psychology. The work may touch on issues dealt with in JEP: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, JEP: Human Perception and Performance, JEP: Animal Behavior Processes, or JEP: Applied, but may also concern issues in other subdisciplines of psychology, including social processes, developmental processes, psychopathology, neuroscience, or computational modeling. Articles in JEP: General may be longer than the usual journal publication if necessary, but shorter articles that bridge subdisciplines will also be considered.
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