Ajay K. Sethi, Cristalyne Bell, Derek Norton, Maureen D. Goss, Shari Barlow, Guanhua Chen, Amra Uzicanin, Jonathan L. Temte
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Between October 28, 2020, and May 16, 2022, all household members provided self-collected nasal specimens on days 0, 7, and 14 for SARS-CoV-2 detection using real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We used logistic regression to investigate individual- and household-level characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Overall, 127 households comprising 572 individuals (48% female; 52% male; 0.4% nonbinary; 77% ≥ 18 years) had at least one detection of SARS-CoV-2. The overall SIR was 47% and decreased over time (pre-Delta = 72% [95% CI: 58%–83%]; Delta = 51% [40%–63%]; and Omicron = 41% [36%–47%]). Odds of household transmission were 63% lower during the Omicron period compared with the pre-Delta period (OR = 0.36 [95% CI: 0.13–0.94] <i>p</i> = 0.037). Greater household density (members/bedroom) was significantly associated with household transmission during the Omicron period (OR = 6.8, [2.19–21.37] <i>p</i> = 0.001). Index case age, illness severity, and individual symptoms were not significantly associated with odds of household transmission.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Greater household density was associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but the risk declined over time with subsequent variants. Interplay between variants, prior infection, and individual/household factors may identify modifiable factors (e.g., behavior and vaccination) to reduce future transmission risk.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":13544,"journal":{"name":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.70031","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Factors Associated With Transmission Across Three Waves of SARS-CoV-2 in a Prospective Community-Based Study of Households With School-Aged Children—Dane County, Wisconsin, 2020–2022\",\"authors\":\"Ajay K. Sethi, Cristalyne Bell, Derek Norton, Maureen D. Goss, Shari Barlow, Guanhua Chen, Amra Uzicanin, Jonathan L. Temte\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/irv.70031\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a driver of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding factors that contribute to secondary infection risks (SIRs) can define changing trends and inform public health policies.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>The ORegon CHild Absenteeism due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS) prospectively monitors respiratory viruses within the Oregon School District (OSD) in southcentral Wisconsin. Households with students who had ≥ 2 respiratory symptoms were eligible and opted to participate in ORCHARDS. Between October 28, 2020, and May 16, 2022, all household members provided self-collected nasal specimens on days 0, 7, and 14 for SARS-CoV-2 detection using real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We used logistic regression to investigate individual- and household-level characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Overall, 127 households comprising 572 individuals (48% female; 52% male; 0.4% nonbinary; 77% ≥ 18 years) had at least one detection of SARS-CoV-2. The overall SIR was 47% and decreased over time (pre-Delta = 72% [95% CI: 58%–83%]; Delta = 51% [40%–63%]; and Omicron = 41% [36%–47%]). Odds of household transmission were 63% lower during the Omicron period compared with the pre-Delta period (OR = 0.36 [95% CI: 0.13–0.94] <i>p</i> = 0.037). Greater household density (members/bedroom) was significantly associated with household transmission during the Omicron period (OR = 6.8, [2.19–21.37] <i>p</i> = 0.001). Index case age, illness severity, and individual symptoms were not significantly associated with odds of household transmission.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\\n \\n <p>Greater household density was associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but the risk declined over time with subsequent variants. 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Factors Associated With Transmission Across Three Waves of SARS-CoV-2 in a Prospective Community-Based Study of Households With School-Aged Children—Dane County, Wisconsin, 2020–2022
Background
Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a driver of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding factors that contribute to secondary infection risks (SIRs) can define changing trends and inform public health policies.
Methods
The ORegon CHild Absenteeism due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS) prospectively monitors respiratory viruses within the Oregon School District (OSD) in southcentral Wisconsin. Households with students who had ≥ 2 respiratory symptoms were eligible and opted to participate in ORCHARDS. Between October 28, 2020, and May 16, 2022, all household members provided self-collected nasal specimens on days 0, 7, and 14 for SARS-CoV-2 detection using real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We used logistic regression to investigate individual- and household-level characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Results
Overall, 127 households comprising 572 individuals (48% female; 52% male; 0.4% nonbinary; 77% ≥ 18 years) had at least one detection of SARS-CoV-2. The overall SIR was 47% and decreased over time (pre-Delta = 72% [95% CI: 58%–83%]; Delta = 51% [40%–63%]; and Omicron = 41% [36%–47%]). Odds of household transmission were 63% lower during the Omicron period compared with the pre-Delta period (OR = 0.36 [95% CI: 0.13–0.94] p = 0.037). Greater household density (members/bedroom) was significantly associated with household transmission during the Omicron period (OR = 6.8, [2.19–21.37] p = 0.001). Index case age, illness severity, and individual symptoms were not significantly associated with odds of household transmission.
Conclusions
Greater household density was associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but the risk declined over time with subsequent variants. Interplay between variants, prior infection, and individual/household factors may identify modifiable factors (e.g., behavior and vaccination) to reduce future transmission risk.
期刊介绍：
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases.
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
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