Does the high-intensity zone of lumbar intervertebral disc at magnetic resonance imaging have diagnostic value for discogenic low back pain? A meta-analysis.

Objective: The correlation between high-intensity zone (HIZ) of lumbar disc magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and discogenic low back pain (DLBP) is currently controversial, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the correlation between HIZ of lumbar disc MRI and positive discography, as well as its diagnostic value for DLBP.

Method: Databases were searched to include research literature on high intensity zone (HIZ) related to discography and DLBP diagnosis. HIZ is a separate small, confined area of high signal located at the posterior border of the annulus fibrosus on MRI T2-weighted images of the lumbar spine, which is separated from the nucleus pulposus but has a higher signal than the nucleus pulposus. Studies on the correlation of HIZ with discography and DLBP diagnosis were searched in the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Science Direct, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Databases, Scopus from January 1992 to June 2024. The outcomes were diagnostic values of HIZ for DLBP. The risk assessment was performed by Deeks' funnel methods in the Stata 17.0 software after 2 investigators independently screened the literature, extracted information and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies.

Results: A total of 25 studies including 5889 patients were included. meta-analysis showed that the sensitivity of HIZ for the diagnosis of DLBP was (0.49, 95% CI [0.37,0.61]) and specificity was (0.89, 95% CI [0.85,0.93]); the positive likelihood ratio was (4.52, 95% CI [3.28,6.25]) and the negative likelihood ratio was (0.58, 95% CI [0.46,0.71]). The diagnostic ratio was (7.87, 95% CI [5.05,12.26]).

Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that HIZ has acceptable sensitivity and high specificity in the diagnosis of DLBP. Due to the limitation of the number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions need to be validated by more high-quality studies.