{"title":"评估也门拉希杰市土壤和饮用水中的放射性核素和重金属。","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111566","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was conducted in Lahij city, Yemen, to evaluate the concentrations and potential health risks of natural radioactive nuclides and heavy metals in soil and drinking water. A total of 21 soil samples and 17 water samples were collected from various locations. A high-purity germanium gamma detector HPGe was used to measure the concentrations of <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>226</sup>Ra in all samples, along with the concentrations of heavy metals. In soil samples, the average concentrations of <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>226</sup>Ra were 731.5, 30.7, and 28.16 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. While some samples showed higher than permissible levels for <sup>226</sup>Ra and <sup>232</sup>Th, the overall average remained within acceptable limits. However, <sup>40</sup>K levels were almost twice the recommended global limits. In water samples, the average concentrations of these nuclides were 5.38, 0.73, and 0.66 Bq L<sup>−1</sup>, all within the global safety limits. Radiological risk assessments for soil indicated an average radium equivalent activity (Ra<sub>eq</sub>) of 124.4 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>, absorbed dose rate in air of 59.9 nGy h<sup>−1</sup>, annual effective dose rate of 0.07 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>, outdoor excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of 0.26 × 10<sup>−3</sup>, and annual gonad equivalent dose (AGED) of 336.6 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>. Risk indices, including the activity concentration index (I<sub>γ</sub>), external hazard index (H<sub>ex</sub>), and internal hazard index (H<sub>in</sub>), averaged 0.48, 0.34, and 0.41, respectively, all below global limits except for AGED, which slightly exceeded the recommended level. For drinking water, the total ingestion dose was calculated for different age groups. The average doses for infants, children, and adults were 0.15, 0.27, and 0.19 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The doses for children and adults exceeded the permissible limits, while those for infants were within safe levels. Heavy metal concentrations were measured in all samples, and the Hazard Quotient (HQ) was calculated. In soil samples, HQ values for all metals >1, indicating potential health risks. In water samples, HQ values were also >1 for all metals except vanadium (V) and iron (Fe). To reduce the dangers associated with radioactive nuclides and heavy metals, regular monitoring and cleanup are crucial, and further research is needed to understand contamination sources and long-term health impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessment of radioactive nuclides and heavy metals in soil and drink water in Lahij city, Yemen\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111566\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>This study was conducted in Lahij city, Yemen, to evaluate the concentrations and potential health risks of natural radioactive nuclides and heavy metals in soil and drinking water. A total of 21 soil samples and 17 water samples were collected from various locations. A high-purity germanium gamma detector HPGe was used to measure the concentrations of <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>226</sup>Ra in all samples, along with the concentrations of heavy metals. In soil samples, the average concentrations of <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>226</sup>Ra were 731.5, 30.7, and 28.16 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. While some samples showed higher than permissible levels for <sup>226</sup>Ra and <sup>232</sup>Th, the overall average remained within acceptable limits. However, <sup>40</sup>K levels were almost twice the recommended global limits. In water samples, the average concentrations of these nuclides were 5.38, 0.73, and 0.66 Bq L<sup>−1</sup>, all within the global safety limits. Radiological risk assessments for soil indicated an average radium equivalent activity (Ra<sub>eq</sub>) of 124.4 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>, absorbed dose rate in air of 59.9 nGy h<sup>−1</sup>, annual effective dose rate of 0.07 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>, outdoor excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of 0.26 × 10<sup>−3</sup>, and annual gonad equivalent dose (AGED) of 336.6 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>. Risk indices, including the activity concentration index (I<sub>γ</sub>), external hazard index (H<sub>ex</sub>), and internal hazard index (H<sub>in</sub>), averaged 0.48, 0.34, and 0.41, respectively, all below global limits except for AGED, which slightly exceeded the recommended level. For drinking water, the total ingestion dose was calculated for different age groups. The average doses for infants, children, and adults were 0.15, 0.27, and 0.19 mSv y<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The doses for children and adults exceeded the permissible limits, while those for infants were within safe levels. Heavy metal concentrations were measured in all samples, and the Hazard Quotient (HQ) was calculated. In soil samples, HQ values for all metals >1, indicating potential health risks. In water samples, HQ values were also >1 for all metals except vanadium (V) and iron (Fe). To reduce the dangers associated with radioactive nuclides and heavy metals, regular monitoring and cleanup are crucial, and further research is needed to understand contamination sources and long-term health impacts.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8096,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Applied Radiation and Isotopes\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Applied Radiation and Isotopes\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804324003944\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804324003944","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessment of radioactive nuclides and heavy metals in soil and drink water in Lahij city, Yemen
This study was conducted in Lahij city, Yemen, to evaluate the concentrations and potential health risks of natural radioactive nuclides and heavy metals in soil and drinking water. A total of 21 soil samples and 17 water samples were collected from various locations. A high-purity germanium gamma detector HPGe was used to measure the concentrations of 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra in all samples, along with the concentrations of heavy metals. In soil samples, the average concentrations of 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra were 731.5, 30.7, and 28.16 Bq kg−1, respectively. While some samples showed higher than permissible levels for 226Ra and 232Th, the overall average remained within acceptable limits. However, 40K levels were almost twice the recommended global limits. In water samples, the average concentrations of these nuclides were 5.38, 0.73, and 0.66 Bq L−1, all within the global safety limits. Radiological risk assessments for soil indicated an average radium equivalent activity (Raeq) of 124.4 Bq kg−1, absorbed dose rate in air of 59.9 nGy h−1, annual effective dose rate of 0.07 mSv y−1, outdoor excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of 0.26 × 10−3, and annual gonad equivalent dose (AGED) of 336.6 mSv y−1. Risk indices, including the activity concentration index (Iγ), external hazard index (Hex), and internal hazard index (Hin), averaged 0.48, 0.34, and 0.41, respectively, all below global limits except for AGED, which slightly exceeded the recommended level. For drinking water, the total ingestion dose was calculated for different age groups. The average doses for infants, children, and adults were 0.15, 0.27, and 0.19 mSv y−1, respectively. The doses for children and adults exceeded the permissible limits, while those for infants were within safe levels. Heavy metal concentrations were measured in all samples, and the Hazard Quotient (HQ) was calculated. In soil samples, HQ values for all metals >1, indicating potential health risks. In water samples, HQ values were also >1 for all metals except vanadium (V) and iron (Fe). To reduce the dangers associated with radioactive nuclides and heavy metals, regular monitoring and cleanup are crucial, and further research is needed to understand contamination sources and long-term health impacts.
期刊介绍:
Applied Radiation and Isotopes provides a high quality medium for the publication of substantial, original and scientific and technological papers on the development and peaceful application of nuclear, radiation and radionuclide techniques in chemistry, physics, biochemistry, biology, medicine, security, engineering and in the earth, planetary and environmental sciences, all including dosimetry. Nuclear techniques are defined in the broadest sense and both experimental and theoretical papers are welcome. They include the development and use of α- and β-particles, X-rays and γ-rays, neutrons and other nuclear particles and radiations from all sources, including radionuclides, synchrotron sources, cyclotrons and reactors and from the natural environment.
The journal aims to publish papers with significance to an international audience, containing substantial novelty and scientific impact. The Editors reserve the rights to reject, with or without external review, papers that do not meet these criteria.
Papers dealing with radiation processing, i.e., where radiation is used to bring about a biological, chemical or physical change in a material, should be directed to our sister journal Radiation Physics and Chemistry.