A review on the role of nanotechnological interventions in sequestration, mitigation and value-added product conversion of micro-/nanoplastics

The buildup of microplastics (MPs)/nanoplastics (NPs) in the aquatic biota has sparked concern owing to their negative consequences on human health and the environment, making it a global issue in recent years. As a result, to achieve sustainable development goals, management of MP/NP contamination is crucial. Although various studies have evaluated the harmful effects of MPs/NPs, insufficient attention has been focused on managing MPs/NPs through nanotechnological interventions. Initially, this review presents the key aspects of advanced strategies, including adsorption, membrane filtration, photocatalytic degradation, magnetic separation, and electrochemistry-driven methods, for efficiently sequestering/degrading MPs/NPs present in the aquatic environment. Subsequently, an in-depth discussion is presented on the aforementioned strategies and various nanomaterials/nanocomposites (e.g. micromotors, microswimmers, MOFs, GO, and CNTs) for the mitigation of MPs/NPs. Furthermore, the outlook section offers insights into the conversion of MPs/NPs into valuable products using nanointerventions. Finally, a brief overview of the economic aspects/cost analysis of MP/NP management, future directions, and prospects is comprehensively documented as a futuristic approach.