Influence of Fullerene–Ruboxyl Dyad on Markers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Vitro

Fullerene–ruboxyl dyad was studied as a promising hybrid nanostructure for biomedical applications. It was shown that fullerene–ruboxyl dyad effectively interacts with the liposomal membrane in the region of the polar heads of phospholipids and has pronounced antiradical properties in vitro studies. Fullerene–ruboxyl dyad also affects the activity of membrane-bound mitochondrial enzymes, monoamine oxidases A and B, and cytochrome c oxidase, which could potentially lead to the support of normal mitochondrial functioning. It was established that the conjugation of daunoruboxil with fullerene significantly reduces acute toxicity compared to the original fullerene derivative; the dyad does not exhibit toxic properties at doses up to 1000 mg/kg. In addition, the possibility of using the fullerene–ruboxyl dyad for pharmacokinetic studies using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method is presented.