揭示马拉维山羊血吸虫病及其对 "一体健康 "的重要性:分子流行病学调查与吡喹酮治疗和全球定位系统动物追踪试点子研究相结合

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Alexandra Juhász , Peter Makaula , Lucas J. Cunningham , Lewis Field , Sam Jones , John Archer , Bright Mainga , David Lally , Gladys Namacha , Donales Kapira , Priscilla Chammudzi , E. James LaCourse , Clinton Nkolokosa , Edmund Seto , Sekeleghe A. Kayuni , Janelisa Musaya , J. Russell Stothard
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了初步了解马拉维的山羊血吸虫病及其人畜共患病的可能性,我们开展了一项分子流行病学调查,在三个地区对山羊(n = 230)进行了采样,并使用粪便弧菌孵化试验。随后,弧菌的分子基因分型显示,马氏血吸虫在恩桑杰区(n = 30)的流行率为 0.0%,在奇夸瓦区(n = 30)为 16.7%,在曼戈奇区(n = 170)为 25.3%。值得注意的是,在 Chikwawa 的一只山羊身上发现了血吸虫的弧菌。在曼戈奇地区的两家当地屠宰场检查尸体(n = 51)时,未发现任何家畜血吸虫病的证据,只有曼戈奇3号屠宰场的一个羊群受到感染。在这里,尽管对附近的其他几个畜群进行了采样,但感染率仍高达 87.7 %(n = 49),发现每 5 克粪便中有一只动物排出 1000 头米拉吸虫。在这一地点,我们的吡喹酮治疗(n = 14)和 GPS 动物追踪(n = 2)试点子研究对当地两个山羊群进行了为期三个月的比较。在对当地淡水中间螺寄主进行有针对性的血吸虫监测的同时,还记录了10平方公里区域内的每日觅食范围。全球定位系统数据分析显示,只有一个羊群(受感染)每天定期与马拉维湖接触,而另一个羊群(未感染)则完全避开了马拉维湖。吡喹酮剂量为 40 毫克/千克,治疗一周后,驱虫治愈率为 92.3%,而三个月后,约三分之一的治疗动物仍有血吸虫蚴脱落。对当地几只野外捕获的钉螺中的蛔虫进行了基因分型,发现了血吸虫-马氏杂交种。我们的研究结果揭示了家畜血吸虫病的集中性,为血吸虫传播发出了新的警报,并强调了人畜共患传播的密集性。为了更好地解决马氏血吸虫病(和/或血吸虫)的人畜共患病蔓延问题,国家血吸虫病控制计划应正式开展对家畜血吸虫病的定向监测,并在适当的情况下尝试在未来采取综合的 "一体健康 "干预措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Revealing caprine schistosomiasis and its One Health importance in Malawi: A molecular epidemiological investigation augmented with a praziquantel treatment and GPS animal tracking pilot sub-study

Revealing caprine schistosomiasis and its One Health importance in Malawi: A molecular epidemiological investigation augmented with a praziquantel treatment and GPS animal tracking pilot sub-study
To shed first light on caprine schistosomiasis and its zoonotic potential in Malawi, we conducted a molecular epidemiological investigation, sampling goats (n = 230) across three districts, using faecal miracidia hatching test. Molecular genotyping of miracidia later revealed the prevalence of Schistosoma mattheei to be 0.0 % in Nsanje District (n = 30), 16.7 % in Chikwawa District (n = 30) and 25.3 % in Mangochi District (n = 170). Notably, a miracidium of Schistosoma haematobium was observed from a single goat in Chikwawa. Inspection of carcasses (n = 51) at two local abattoirs in Mangochi District did not find any evidence of caprine schistosomiasis where only a single herd, at Mangochi 3, was infected. Here, despite sampling several other herds nearby, the prevalence was 87.7 % (n = 49), with an animal found excreting 1000 miracidia per 5 g of faeces. At this location, our praziquantel treatment (n = 14) and GPS animal tracking (n = 2) pilot sub-study compared two local goat herds over a three-month period. The daily foraging ranges across a 10 km2 area were recorded, alongside targeted schistosome surveillance within local freshwater intermediate snail hosts. Analysis of GPS data revealed only one herd (infected) to have regular daily water contact with Lake Malawi whereas the other herd (not infected) totally avoided the lake. One week after praziquantel treatment administered at 40 mg/kg, anthelminthic cure rate was 92.3 % while at three months approximately a third of treated animals were shedding schistosome miracidia. Cercariae from several field-caught snails locally were genotyped, inclusive of finding a Schistosoma haematobium-mattheei hybrid. Our findings reveal the focalized nature of caprine schistosomiasis, signposting a novel alert for S. haematobium transmission, and highlight where zoonotic transmission can be intense. To better address zoonotic spill-over from S. mattheei (and/or S. haematobium), the national control programme for schistosomiasis should formally develop targeted surveillance of caprine schistosomiasis and where appropriate, attempt an integrated One Health intervention in future.
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来源期刊
One Health
One Health Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
4.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: One Health - a Gold Open Access journal. The mission of One Health is to provide a platform for rapid communication of high quality scientific knowledge on inter- and intra-species pathogen transmission, bringing together leading experts in virology, bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, vectors and vector-borne diseases, tropical health, veterinary sciences, pathology, immunology, food safety, mathematical modelling, epidemiology, public health research and emergency preparedness. As a Gold Open Access journal, a fee is payable on acceptance of the paper. Please see the Guide for Authors for more information. Submissions to the following categories are welcome: Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology, Vectors and vector-borne diseases, Co-infections and co-morbidities, Disease spatial surveillance, Modelling, Tropical Health, Discovery, Ecosystem Health, Public Health.
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