山羊血清阳性是人类感染裂谷热（RVF）的指标：肯尼亚瓦吉尔县 2018 年裂谷热疫情的病例对照研究

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100921

Ruth Omani , Lisa Cavalerie , Abukar Daud , Elizabeth A.J. Cook , Erenius Nakadio , Eric M. Fèvre , George Gitao , Jude Robinson , Mark Nanyingi , Matthew Baylis , Peter Kimeli , Joshua Onono

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引用次数: 0

摘要

裂谷热（RVF）是一种病毒性人畜共患病，被视为对非洲之角粮食安全的威胁。在肯尼亚，裂谷热是排名第五的重点人畜共患病，原因是其发病率和死亡率高、疫情爆发频繁，以及疫情爆发期间的相关社会经济影响。2018 年，肯尼亚西亚、瓦吉尔和马萨比特县确认爆发了 RVF 疫情。在这次疫情爆发期间，有 30 人通过实验室检测被证实感染了 RVF；其中 21 人在瓦吉尔县，8 人在马萨比特县，1 人在西亚县。2021 年，采用病例对照研究设计选取了 75 个家庭（15 个病例和 60 个对照）进行访谈（?病例是指家庭成员在 2018 年被诊断患有 RVF 的家庭。此外，研究人员还在这些家庭中有目的性地挑选了1029头动物，并对其进行了RVF血清学检测。该研究旨在估算各种风险因素对肯尼亚人类发生 RVF 的影响，重点关注瓦吉尔县。之所以选择瓦吉尔县，是因为该县在 2018 年的疫情中报告了大量确诊人类病例。单变量回归模型显示，所有者报告的牲畜RVF病毒暴露使家庭中发生RVF人类病例的几率显著增加了32.7倍（95 % CI 4.0-267.4）。如果受访者与 IgG 阳性的山羊群有联系，则人类感染 RVF 的几率会增加 3.8 倍（95 % CI 1.17-12.3）。在最终的多变量分析中，与自己受 RVF 影响的动物有关联的受访者，其家庭中出现 RVF 人类病例的几率增加了 56.9 倍（95 % CI 4.6-700.4），而与受影响的邻居家庭成员有关联的受访者，其家庭中出现 RVF 人类病例的几率降低了 0.总之，这些结果揭示了在牧民家庭中 RVF 感染从动物向人类传播的潜在联系，因此，开展有针对性的社区教育、"同一健康 "监测、预防和控制该疾病的措施至关重要。这对于保护人类免受牲畜疫情爆发时可能出现的外溢感染至关重要。

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Goat seropositivity as an indicator of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in human populations: A case-control study of the 2018 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Wajir County, Kenya

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis, which is considered as a threat to food security in the Horn of Africa. In Kenya, RVF is the 5th ranked priority zoonotic disease due to its high morbidity and mortality, frequent outbreak events, and associated socioeconomic impacts during outbreak events. In 2018, an RVF outbreak was confirmed in Kenya's Siaya, Wajir, and Marsabit counties. During this outbreak, 30 people were confirmed infected with RVF through laboratory tests; 21 in Wajir, 8 in Marsabit, and 1 in Siaya Counties.

Seventy-five (75) households (15 cases and 60 controls) were selected and interviewed using a case-control study design in 2021 (?). A case was a household with a member who was diagnosed with RVF in 2018. In addition, a total of 1029 animals were purposively selected within these households and serologically tested for RVF. The study aimed to estimate the contribution of various risk factors to RVF human occurrence in Kenya with a special focus on Wajir County. Wajir County was chosen due to high number of confirmed human cases reported in the 2018 outbreak. A univariable regression model revealed that owner-reported RVF virus exposure in livestock significantly increased the odds of an RVF human case in the household by 32.7 times (95 % CI 4.0–267.4). The respondent being linked to a goat flock that was IgG-positive increased the odds of an RVF human case by 3.8 times (95 % CI 1.17–12.3). In the final multivariable analysis, the respondent being linked to their own animals affected by RVF increased odds of having an RVF human case in the household by 56.9 times (95 % CI 4.6–700.4), while the respondent being linked to a neighbor household member affected decreased odds of having a RVF human case by 0.1 times (95 % CI 0.08–0.75).

In summary, these results have revealed a potential link for the spread of RVF infection from animals to humans in pastoralist households, hence it is critical to carry out targeted, community education, One Health surveillance, prevention, and control measures against the disease. This will be critical to protecting humans against potential spillovers of infections during outbreak events in livestock.

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来源期刊

One Health Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

18 weeks

期刊介绍： One Health - a Gold Open Access journal. The mission of One Health is to provide a platform for rapid communication of high quality scientific knowledge on inter- and intra-species pathogen transmission, bringing together leading experts in virology, bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, vectors and vector-borne diseases, tropical health, veterinary sciences, pathology, immunology, food safety, mathematical modelling, epidemiology, public health research and emergency preparedness. As a Gold Open Access journal, a fee is payable on acceptance of the paper. Please see the Guide for Authors for more information. Submissions to the following categories are welcome: Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology, Vectors and vector-borne diseases, Co-infections and co-morbidities, Disease spatial surveillance, Modelling, Tropical Health, Discovery, Ecosystem Health, Public Health.