A review of new emerging biosensors based on bacteria-imprinted polymers towards pathogenic bacteria: Promising new tools for selective detection

The spread of pathogenic bacteria in the environment, as a significant global issue, causes a substantial threat to human health, damaging economic development. Indeed, the development of sensitive and selective sensing approaches for detection of pathogenic bacteria is essential to prevent and treating infections. In this regard, biosensors as efficient analytical methods can play an important role. Importantly, exploiting of novel strategy can improve the performance of these biosensing platforms. Among different types, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), as artificial receptors, that are developed to selective and sensitive biosensors. The distinct complementary cavities in these synthetic polymers contribute to their unique characteristics, as they are specifically tailored to their respective templates. Notably, bacteria-imprinted polymers (BIPs), as an important and novel member of MIPs, attracted considerable attention for different bacteria detection due to many cavities complementary to their bacteria. These novel probes can efficiently isolate various bacteria from wide range of samples such as food, water, or biological fluids due to the high affinity and selectivity. In this study, the application of BIPs in the structure of biosensors, as active area of research in the field of different bacteria detection, was reviewed for detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ((V. parahaemolyticus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). In addition, direct strategies and advance methods for bacteria imprinting completely reviewed. The deficiency and future perspective of BIPs sensors were discussed.