Innovative biomedical applications of micro/nano channel technologies in microfluidics

The development of microfluidic devices represents a major breakthrough in biological research. These devices, referred to as analytical microsystems, are engineered for high sensitivity and are adept at analyzing complex biological materials. This innovation has significantly advanced biotechnology, allowing researchers to perform more accurate and efficient analyses of biological samples.Microfluidic devices function at the micron and nanoscale, utilizing precisely designed micro-channels to separate, analyze, and modify the behaviour of fluids and particles across various applications, including drug development, environmental monitoring, biohazard detection, and clinical diagnostics. The increasing interest in microfluidics has revealed numerous advantages associated with the materials used in this technology. By harnessing the distinct properties of fluids at the micro scale, these devices improve automation, control, and high-throughput processing capabilities, potentially replacing some traditional biological analytical and diagnostic methods.Moreover, microfluidic devices tend to be more cost-effective, require shorter bioassay times, and utilize smaller quantities of chemicals and sample volumes. This makes them a highly efficient solution for advanced research in biotechnology. This review article focuses on the compatibility, benefits, and applications of various materials—both inorganic and organic material fabrication of microfluidic devices. We highlight the enhanced performance of micro/nano channels achieved through hybrid manufacturing techniques that integrate advanced functionalization or modification methods. Additionally, we discuss recent advancements in specific applications of microfluidics, including their integration with Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and optical detection techniques to enhance biomedical applications and sensing capabilities.