Invasive ductal carcinoma in a male patient: A case report

Introduction and importance

Male breast cancer is a rare condition, representing less than one per cent of all breast cancer cases. It is characterized by late presentation and a higher incidence of metastatic disease due to diagnostic delays. In Pakistan, male breast cancer tends to appear at a younger age than in Western countries. Risk factors include advancing age, hormonal imbalances, and family history. Despite the proven effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, its adoption in clinical practice is limited.

Case presentation

This case involves a fifty-six-year-old Pakistani man presenting with a lump in his right breast. The physical examination showed a lump with axillary lymphadenopathy and skin changes. Laboratory tests were within normal ranges, and imaging revealed a highly suspicious lesion in the right breast. After a modified radical mastectomy, the biopsy confirmed grade two invasive ductal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis.

Clinical discussion

The case highlights the need to consider male breast cancer in diagnoses. Male breast cancer differs from female breast cancer in its pathology, with a higher expression of the estrogen receptor-beta. The patient, who tested negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, received chemotherapy followed by surgery, underscoring the importance of personalized treatment.

Conclusion

Male breast cancer is among the rarest cancers globally, requiring more research and awareness to improve management and outcomes. Dispelling the myth that breast cancer is a female-only disease is vital for early detection and treatment, which could enhance survival rates.