不同秸秆掺入率的坡耕地土壤侵蚀性指标的时间变化

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2024.106340

Shiqi Chen , Guanghui Zhang , Chengshu Wang

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引用次数: 0

摘要

土壤和作物特征很容易受到秸秆焚烧的影响，并且会随着时间的推移而发生很大变化。这些变化很可能导致土壤结构、团聚稳定性和剪切强度的变化，从而改变土壤的侵蚀性。目前，坡耕地土壤侵蚀性受秸秆入土率（SIR）影响的时间变化尚不清楚。本研究的目的是利用土壤侵蚀性综合指数（CSEI）评估不同 SIR 下土壤侵蚀性的时间变化，并确定半湿润地区一个小型农业流域的主要影响因素。CSEI 采用土壤有机质 (SOM)、K 系数、结构稳定性指数 (SSI)、劈裂率 (SR)、平均重量直径 (MWD)、平均落锤次数 (MND)、土壤内聚力 (Coh)、土壤渗透阻力 (PR) 和饱和导水率 (Ks) 进行量化。结果表明，在每个生长季节，九项土壤侵蚀性指标随时间的推移呈现出不同的变化。随着时间的推移，SOM、SSI、Coh 和 PR 有所上升，而 Ks 则有所下降。K 因子没有明显变化。随着时间的推移，MND 和 MWD 通常先增加后减少，而 SR 则呈现出相反的趋势。土壤侵蚀性指标受 SIR 的影响很大。MND、MWD、Ks、Coh、SSI 和 SOM 与 SIR 呈正相关，而 K 因子、PR 和 SR 则呈负相关。不同 SIR 下的 CSEI 随时间变化的波动差异显著（p < 0.05）。与对照处理相比，当秸秆掺入率为 1.125、2.25、4.5、6.75、9 和 13.5 吨 hm-2 时，平均 CSEI 分别降低了 21%、36%、40%、53%、66% 和 56%。影响 CSEI 时间变化的主要因素是地上生物量、根系密度、秸秆残留密度（SRD）和秸秆分解量（SD）。SRD 和 SD 对 CSEI 的影响在秸秆还田后 60 d 最大。因此，秸秆掺入可有效减少土壤侵蚀。在土壤有机质含量较高的半湿润地区，最佳的秸秆掺入量（SIR）为 9.0 t hm-2。

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Temporal variation in soil erodibility indicators of sloping croplands with different straw-incorporation rates

Soil and crop characteristics are susceptible to straw-incorporation and can change considerably over time. These changes are likely to lead to variations in the soil structure, aggregate stability, and shear strength, thereby altering the soil erodibility. Currently, the temporal variation in the soil erodibility of sloping croplands affected by straw-incorporation rate (SIR) is unknown. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the temporal variation in soil erodibility using a comprehensive soil erodibility index (CSEI) with different SIRs, and to identify the dominant influencing factors in a small agricultural watershed in a semi-humid region. The CSEI was quantified using soil organic matter (SOM), K factor, structural stability index (SSI), slaking rate (SR), mean weight diameter (MWD), mean number of drop impacts (MND), soil cohesion (Coh), soil penetration resistance (PR), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The results demonstrated that nine soil erodibility indicators exhibited different changes over time during each growing season. Over time, SOM, SSI, Coh, and PR increased, whereas Ks decreased. No distinct variation was observed in the K factor. The MND and MWD generally increased and then decreased over time, whereas the SR showed the opposite trend. Soil erodibility indicators were strongly affected by the SIR. MND, MWD, Ks, Coh, SSI, and SOM were positively correlated with SIR, whereas the K factor, PR, and SR were negatively correlated. CSEI under different SIR showed significant differences in fluctuations with temporal variation (p < 0.05). Compared to the control treatment, the mean CSEI was reduced by 21 %, 36 %, 40 %, 53 %, 66 %, and 56 % for straw-incorporation rates of 1.125, 2.25, 4.5, 6.75, 9, and 13.5 t hm⁻², respectively. The main factors influencing temporal variation in the CSEI were aboveground biomass, root mass density, straw residual mass density (SRD), and straw decomposition amount (SD). The effects of SRD and SD on CSEI were the greatest at 60 d after straw incorporation. Thus, straw-incorporation can effectively reduce soil erosion. For semi-humid regions with high soil organic matter content, the optimal SIR was 9.0 t hm⁻².

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来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.