深入了解土壤微生物在减轻作物非生物胁迫方面的多方面作用:综述

IF 4.5 2区 生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
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引用次数: 0

摘要

非生物胁迫,包括极端热量、缺水、金属中毒和高盐度,对农业可持续性和粮食安全构成了重大挑战。气候变化、土壤退化和污染导致的这些胁迫破坏了水分和养分的吸收、光合作用和细胞完整性。因此,植物的生长、生产和产量都会显著下降,这就凸显了对可持续技术的需求,比如利用土壤微生物,这对有效缓解植物的非生物胁迫至关重要。微生物接种,尤其是接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和植物生长促进菌(PGPB),能显著缓解这些压力。这些微生物通过养分溶解、多胺积累和活性氧清除等机制,促进植物生长、养分吸收和抗逆性。它们能改善植物的生理反应,如光合作用率和气孔导度,并通过保持膜的完整性和促进渗透溶质(如三卤糖、脯氨酸、多胺(PA)和甘氨酸甜菜碱(GB))的积累来提高超微结构的稳定性。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等抗氧化酶的激活进一步减轻了氧化应激。关键的信号通路,包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)级联和盐过度敏感(SOS)信号,在植物对渗透和离子胁迫的反应中发挥着关键作用。此外,水汽蛋白(AQPs)、钙依赖蛋白激酶(CDPKs)和胚胎发生后期富集蛋白(LEA)也是非生物胁迫抗性不可或缺的组成部分。微生物共生加强了这些途径,促进了离子平衡和抗逆性。总之,了解植物与土壤微生物之间错综复杂的相互作用,再加上可持续的农业实践,对于增强作物对非生物胁迫的抗逆性和确保气候变化中的粮食安全至关重要。这篇综述论文强调了非生物胁迫对农业可持续性和粮食安全的不利影响,突出了利用土壤微生物等可持续技术有效缓解这些胁迫和提高作物抗逆性的必要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Insights into the multifaceted roles of soil microbes in mitigating abiotic stress in crop plants: A review
Abiotic stresses, including thermal extremes, water scarcity, metal toxicity, and high salinity levels, pose significant challenges to agricultural sustainability and food security. These stresses, driven by climate change, soil degradation, and pollution, disrupt water and nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and cellular integrity. Consequently, plant growth, production, and yield are significantly reduced, highlighting the need for sustainable techniques, like utilizing soil microbes, which is crucial for effectively alleviating abiotic stress in plants. Microbial inoculation, particularly with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), significantly mitigates these stresses. These microorganisms enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance through mechanisms like nutrient solubilization, polyamine accumulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. They improve plant physiological responses, such as photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance, and contribute to ultrastructural stability by maintaining membrane integrity and promoting the accumulation of osmolytes like trehalose, proline, polyamines (PA), and glycine betaine (GB). The activation of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) further reduces oxidative stress. Key signaling pathways, including the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade and Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signaling, play critical roles in plant responses to osmotic and ionic stresses. Additionally, aquaporins (AQPs), Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs) and Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are integral to abiotic stress resistance. Microbial symbiosis enhances these pathways, promoting ion homeostasis and stress resilience. Overall, understanding the intricate interactions between plants and soil microbes, coupled with sustainable agricultural practices, is crucial for enhancing crop resilience to abiotic stresses and ensuring food security amidst climate change. This review paper emphasizes the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses on agricultural sustainability and food security, highlighting the imperative for sustainable techniques like utilization of soil microbes to effectively mitigate these stresses and enhance crop resilience.
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来源期刊
Environmental and Experimental Botany
Environmental and Experimental Botany 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
5.30%
发文量
342
审稿时长
26 days
期刊介绍: Environmental and Experimental Botany (EEB) publishes research papers on the physical, chemical, biological, molecular mechanisms and processes involved in the responses of plants to their environment. In addition to research papers, the journal includes review articles. Submission is in agreement with the Editors-in-Chief. The Journal also publishes special issues which are built by invited guest editors and are related to the main themes of EEB. The areas covered by the Journal include: (1) Responses of plants to heavy metals and pollutants (2) Plant/water interactions (salinity, drought, flooding) (3) Responses of plants to radiations ranging from UV-B to infrared (4) Plant/atmosphere relations (ozone, CO2 , temperature) (5) Global change impacts on plant ecophysiology (6) Biotic interactions involving environmental factors.
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