Neighborhood-level determining factors of travel distance by trip purpose: Policy implications for the N-minute city

As part of efforts to reduce carbon emissions, the concept of n-minute cities has been proposed. Although many global cities have attempted to implement this idea, there is still a lack of quantitative research on n-minute cities. This study aims to analyze factors that influence living radii by utilizing mobile phone location-based mobility big data and spatial regression analysis, thereby contributing to the implementation of n-minute cities. By distinguishing between pre- and post-COVID-19 periods and between commuting and non-commuting travel, this study reveals decreased average travel distances in the post-pandemic period and identifies factors influencing living radii, thereby favoring the concept of n-minute cities. During the post-COVID-19 period, the impact of factors such as population density, commercial facilities, and the job-housing ratio on travel distance has shifted, while neighborhood living and cultural facilities maintain consistent influence. This underscores the importance of prioritizing these aspects in n-minute city planning. Additionally, the mix of residential and business uses consistently affects shorter commuting distances, highlighting its critical role in n-minute city development. This study is significant for identifying urban environmental factors that effectively reduce living radii based on actual travel behaviors.