{"title":"湿热老化和断裂聚合物/玻璃层压板的 XPS 分析","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108617","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential for the durability of photovoltaic (PV) modules is the polymeric encapsulant. In addition to the well-established ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), polyolefin elastomers (POE) are gaining market relevance. The main objective of this paper was to elucidate the ageing and degradation mechanisms of PV relevant glass laminates based on UV-transparent EVA and POE encapsulants by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).</div><div>Special focus was given to the polymer/glass interfaces. Therefore, glass laminates were damp heat aged and debonded by monotonic compressive shear testing. Subsequently, the polymer side of the fractured surfaces was characterized by XPS and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The polar EVA encapsulant revealed more pronounced deterioration than the less polar POE material.</div><div>Significant differences were already discernible after 1kh of damp heat exposure. The diffusion of Na ions from the glass substrate into the polymer matrix and the formation of Na salts at the interface were ascertained for EVA and to a less extent also for POE. While EVA laminates failed primarily close to the interface, but still within the EVA material, glass residues were detected on the fractured POE surfaces indicating interface-near glass corrosion and a fracture path propagating back and forth within POE and glass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20628,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Testing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"XPS analysis of damp heat aged and fractured polymer/glass laminates\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108617\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Essential for the durability of photovoltaic (PV) modules is the polymeric encapsulant. In addition to the well-established ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), polyolefin elastomers (POE) are gaining market relevance. The main objective of this paper was to elucidate the ageing and degradation mechanisms of PV relevant glass laminates based on UV-transparent EVA and POE encapsulants by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).</div><div>Special focus was given to the polymer/glass interfaces. Therefore, glass laminates were damp heat aged and debonded by monotonic compressive shear testing. Subsequently, the polymer side of the fractured surfaces was characterized by XPS and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The polar EVA encapsulant revealed more pronounced deterioration than the less polar POE material.</div><div>Significant differences were already discernible after 1kh of damp heat exposure. The diffusion of Na ions from the glass substrate into the polymer matrix and the formation of Na salts at the interface were ascertained for EVA and to a less extent also for POE. While EVA laminates failed primarily close to the interface, but still within the EVA material, glass residues were detected on the fractured POE surfaces indicating interface-near glass corrosion and a fracture path propagating back and forth within POE and glass.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20628,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Polymer Testing\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Polymer Testing\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002940\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer Testing","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941824002940","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
聚合物封装材料对光伏(PV)组件的耐用性至关重要。除了应用广泛的乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)之外,聚烯烃弹性体(POE)也越来越受到市场的重视。本文的主要目的是通过 X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)阐明基于透紫外线 EVA 和 POE 封装剂的光伏相关玻璃层压板的老化和降解机制。因此,对玻璃层压板进行了湿热老化,并通过单调压缩剪切测试使其脱胶。随后,通过 XPS 和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对断裂表面的聚合物侧进行了表征。极性 EVA 封装材料比极性较弱的 POE 材料显示出更明显的劣化现象。在 EVA 中,Na 离子从玻璃基质扩散到聚合物基质中,并在界面上形成 Na 盐,在 POE 中也是如此,但程度较轻。EVA 层压板主要在靠近界面的地方失效,但仍在 EVA 材料内部,而在断裂的 POE 表面检测到玻璃残留物,这表明界面附近存在玻璃腐蚀,断裂路径在 POE 和玻璃内部来回传播。
XPS analysis of damp heat aged and fractured polymer/glass laminates
Essential for the durability of photovoltaic (PV) modules is the polymeric encapsulant. In addition to the well-established ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), polyolefin elastomers (POE) are gaining market relevance. The main objective of this paper was to elucidate the ageing and degradation mechanisms of PV relevant glass laminates based on UV-transparent EVA and POE encapsulants by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Special focus was given to the polymer/glass interfaces. Therefore, glass laminates were damp heat aged and debonded by monotonic compressive shear testing. Subsequently, the polymer side of the fractured surfaces was characterized by XPS and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The polar EVA encapsulant revealed more pronounced deterioration than the less polar POE material.
Significant differences were already discernible after 1kh of damp heat exposure. The diffusion of Na ions from the glass substrate into the polymer matrix and the formation of Na salts at the interface were ascertained for EVA and to a less extent also for POE. While EVA laminates failed primarily close to the interface, but still within the EVA material, glass residues were detected on the fractured POE surfaces indicating interface-near glass corrosion and a fracture path propagating back and forth within POE and glass.
期刊介绍:
Polymer Testing focuses on the testing, analysis and characterization of polymer materials, including both synthetic and natural or biobased polymers. Novel testing methods and the testing of novel polymeric materials in bulk, solution and dispersion is covered. In addition, we welcome the submission of the testing of polymeric materials for a wide range of applications and industrial products as well as nanoscale characterization.
The scope includes but is not limited to the following main topics:
Novel testing methods and Chemical analysis
• mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, imaging, spectroscopy, scattering and rheology
Physical properties and behaviour of novel polymer systems
• nanoscale properties, morphology, transport properties
Degradation and recycling of polymeric materials when combined with novel testing or characterization methods
• degradation, biodegradation, ageing and fire retardancy
Modelling and Simulation work will be only considered when it is linked to new or previously published experimental results.