重新思考有利可图的海洋入侵的使用者权利:挪威巴伦支海雪蟹渔业的经验教训

IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

当新来的入侵物种不仅对生态系统特征造成负面影响,而且还被当作有价值的市场商品加以利用时,就会出现有利可图的海洋入侵。这些物种将现有的生态系统生产价值与潜在的价值路径对立起来,因为它们的存在会促使管理决策从倾向于保守的、维持现状的方法到更喜欢风险的、适应性更强的方法不等。尽管环境条约承诺限制入侵的扩散,但当地利益集团可能为了自身利益而故意支持入侵的增长。潜在的价值路径不仅取决于支持资源开采盈利的自然资本的生态变化,还取决于为应对不断变化的资产结构和生产力而开发的用户权利。当前的经济思想表明,在解决排他性、安全性和持续时间等问题时,使用者权利越强,权利预期收益的现值收益就越高。我们讨论了生态价值和生产力不可逆转转变的规模和不确定性如何要求完善这一理论。我们探讨了巴伦支海雪蟹(Chionoecetes opilio)渔业,特别关注挪威的管理方法。这种入侵物种不确定的生态影响导致了国际争端和重大的管理挑战。挪威实施排他性政策,将这种蟹定为定居型,以限制外国渔民进入,从而引发了与《斯瓦尔巴条约》的冲突。这些单边行动导致了罚款、法庭诉讼和外交紧张局势。随着雪蟹向敏感的北极栖息地扩展,需要一种更广泛的治理方法。我们对挪威雪蟹渔业相关产权的排他性、安全性和持久性进行了批判性审视,评估了自2012年开始捕捞以来其固有的弱点和影响。随着人们对开发有利可图的资源和捕捞新物种(通常是入侵物种)的兴趣与日俱增,挪威雪蟹渔业为此类资源的治理和管理提供了宝贵的经验和指导,旨在降低风险,促进经济上可行、环境上负责任的做法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rethinking user rights of profitable marine invasions: Lessons from the Norwegian Barents Snow Crab fishery
Profitable marine invasions can occur when a newly arrived invasive species not only negatively changes ecosystem characteristics but is also exploited as a valuable market commodity. Such species pit existing ecosystem production values against potential value paths as their presence instigates management decisions that may vary from favoring a conservative, status quo approach on one end to a more risk-loving, adaptive approach on the other. Despite commitments to environmental treaties for limiting spread, local interests may purposefully support growth of invasions for their benefit. Potential value paths will depend not only on the ecological changes in the natural capital supporting the profitable resource extraction but also the user rights developed to address the changing asset structure and productivity. Current economic thinking suggests that the stronger the user rights in addressing questions of exclusivity, security and duration, the higher the gains to the present value of expected benefits from the rights. We discuss how both scale and uncertainties regarding irreversible ecological value and productivity shifts may require refinement of this theory. We explore the Barents Sea Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fishery, with particular attention to the Norwegian approach to its management. The uncertain ecological impacts of this invasive species have led to international disputes and significant management challenges. Norway has implemented exclusionary policies by designating the crab as sedentary to limit foreign access, sparking conflicts over the Svalbard Treaty. These unilateral actions have led to fines, court cases, and diplomatic tensions. As the Snow Crab expands toward sensitive Arctic habitats, a broader governance approach is needed. We take a critical look at the exclusivity, security, and durability of property rights associated with the Norwegian Snow Crab fishery, assessing their inherent weaknesses and implications since the onset of the fishery in 2012. As there is a growing interest in developing profitable resource exploitation and fisheries for new, often invading species, the Norwegian Snow Crab fishery provides valuable lessons and guidance for governance and management of such resources, aiming to mitigate risks and foster economically viable and environmentally responsible practices.
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来源期刊
Ocean & Coastal Management
Ocean & Coastal Management 环境科学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
15.20%
发文量
321
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Ocean & Coastal Management is the leading international journal dedicated to the study of all aspects of ocean and coastal management from the global to local levels. We publish rigorously peer-reviewed manuscripts from all disciplines, and inter-/trans-disciplinary and co-designed research, but all submissions must make clear the relevance to management and/or governance issues relevant to the sustainable development and conservation of oceans and coasts. Comparative studies (from sub-national to trans-national cases, and other management / policy arenas) are encouraged, as are studies that critically assess current management practices and governance approaches. Submissions involving robust analysis, development of theory, and improvement of management practice are especially welcome.
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