Efficient in-vitro regeneration protocol for large-scale propagation of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.

Aloe vera a medicinal shrub, is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to its therapeutic properties, but its male sterility and self-incompatibility make seed-based reproduction challenging. The current investigation provides a detailed account of a refined in-vitro regeneration process, discussing direct and indirect organogenesis techniques. Shoot multiplication, callus formation, organogenesis in callus culture, and rooting were all evaluated in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium employing several plant growth regulators (PGRs). BAP (N6-benzyl amino purine) alone at 3.5 mg/l was the most effective treatment for rapid shoot multiplication and the healthiest shoot quality in direct shoot proliferation. It was shown that a combination of 2.0 mg/l Kn (Kinetin) and 1.0 mg/l NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) was most responsive for regeneration in callus culture, whereas 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) produced the most profuse regenerative callusing. In addition, plantlets treated with 1.5 mg/l IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) in-vitro produced the highest and longest roots, contributing to a 94 % survival rate during the subsequent acclimatization process. Moreover, regeneration efficiency via direct and indirect channels is also briefly discussed. This research has the potential to enhance the efficiency, precise application of appropriate PGRs needed for the mass production of Aloe vera at various stages of in-vitro culture.