Effects of partial shading and temperature-dependent reverse bias behaviour on degradation in perovskite photovoltaic modules

The vulnerability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to reverse bias caused by partial shading in the module and current mismatch in tandem configurations present significant challenges for the commercialisation of PSCs, particularly in terms of their performance, durability, and safety. In this study, we investigated the effects of partial shading on perovskite photovoltaic (PV) modules and the temperature-dependent reverse bias behaviour in solar cells. Partial shading of perovskite PV modules degrades their performance, but light soaking restores it, indicating that the reverse-bias-induced changes are induced not only by permanent damage but also by reversible changes. Furthermore, the reverse bias effects on the solar cell, which cause the degradation of the modules under partial shading stress, are reversible. Additionally, the reverse-bias behaviour is highly dependent on temperature, indicating that temperature-dependent ion migration under an applied reverse bias leads to changes in the reverse-bias behaviour, such as reversible properties and enhanced modification at elevated temperatures. Our findings demonstrate that unravelling the properties hidden by ion migration is crucial for assessing the intrinsic durability and reliability of PSCs and understanding the effects of partial shading in perovskite PV modules.