Oxide based triboelectric nanogenerators: Recent advances and future prospects in energy harvesting

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained significant attention as a viable solution for energy harvesting, sensing, and self-powered systems. However, their effectiveness heavily relies on the materials employed. Although dielectric polymers, metals, 2D materials, organic and inorganic materials are frequently utilized in TENG design, a critical demand exists for additional materials to enhance TENG performance and expand its utility across a diverse range of applications. Oxide materials (OM) have emerged as promising candidates due to their remarkable attributes, such as biocompatibility, high sensitivity, non-toxicity, and high electron mobility, demonstrating significant promise for many energy harvesting applications. While previous reviews are based on polymers, metal-organic frameworks, 2D materials, and waste materials, the present report marks the first comprehensive review highlighting the significance of oxide materials-based TENGs (OM-TENGs) and their potential applications. This review thoroughly explores the growing interest in OM as triboelectric materials, meticulously examining various types of OM-TENGs and their output performances. Additionally, the study examines the performance of OM-TENGs in energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, human-machine interaction, and their integration into wearable systems. The final part of the review highlights the necessity for further research on OM-TENGs and offers recommendations for future studies to propel this field forward.