Recent progress of plant protein-based amyloid-like nanofibrils

Amyloid-like protein nanofibrils with several nanometers in thickness and nanometer or micrometer in length have received great attention due to the high aspect ratio, tunable flexibility, and ordered arrangement. Various food proteins have been reported to self-assemble into fibrillar structures by prolonged heating under low pH conditions. Although animal proteins are the main resources for synthesizing amyloid-like fibrils currently, extensive progress has been made in the fabrication of fibrils using plant-sourced proteins owing to sustainability compared to animal resources. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the plant protein resources that have been reported to synthesize fibrils. We also described the fibrillization process and factors impacting fibril formation. Furthermore, we described their formation mechanisms and highlighted the factors that influence the hydrolysis and self-assembly behavior. We offered new insights into the challenges of developing plant proteins with complex structural composition into fibrils. Finally, we introduced the potential applications of plant protein fibrils in food industries.