Exploring the role of polysaccharides from macroalgae in shaping gut microbiome and promoting anti-obesity outcomes

Obesity rates have risen significantly globally, yet effective and safe drug treatments remain elusive. As researchers explore alternative solutions to address this growing epidemic, macroalgae have gained attention due to their unique polysaccharides. Recent studies have highlighted the complex interactions between dietary polysaccharides and gut flora, suggesting that these carbohydrates can profoundly influence the microbial community structure and function. By focusing on the mechanisms through which these polysaccharides influence metabolic processes, this paper explores how they contribute to anti-obesity effects, such as reducing inflammation, enhancing satiety, and improving lipid metabolism. The review synthesizes findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies to present a comprehensive overview of how macroalgal polysaccharides facilitate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, which in turn produce metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These metabolites play crucial roles in energy homeostasis, immune modulation, and overall host health. However, to fully understand how these elements contribute to maintaining gut balance and overall health, more research through animal studies and human clinical trials is needed. Through this review, we aim to provide insights that could lead to more targeted and effective use of macroalgae as a functional food component in obesity management and prevention strategies.