Approaches in graphene-based nanocomposites: Synthesis, modification, and multifaceted applications

Graphene holds unusual mechanical, electrical, and optical properties that researchers have used for developing new electrical materials like super-capacitor devices, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells, and biosensors. The functionalization and dispersion of graphene sheets are vital for most applications. Upon chemical functionalization, graphene can be treated by solvent-assisted techniques such layer-by-layer assembly, filtration, and spin coating. Furthermore, it preserves graphene’s unique characteristics by stopping single-layer graphene from aggregating during reduction. The synthesis of graphene has also been discussed in this article. It is feasible to functionalize graphene by covalent and noncovalent modification approaches. To produce functionalized graphene in both instances, graphene oxide’s surface has been modified and then reduced. It has been discovered that the derivatives of graphene may be prepared with outstanding efficiency using both covalent and noncovalent modification processes. We also mention current research into the binding of carbon nanotubes and metals to graphene surfaces. We concentrate on the various methods used to synthesize graphene and its derivatives and also discuss about their different applications, such as polymer nanocomposites, super-capacitor devices, drug delivery systems, solar cells, memory devices, transistor devices, biosensors, and other devices can all be generated through functionalized graphene oxide.