为干旱命名:科学命名 "火药桶干旱 "的历史视角

IF 6.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Thomas H. Ford
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大多数干旱都没有名字。在旱灾发生时,人们一般只称其为 "旱灾"。旱灾发生后,人们通常用年份或连续年份而不是名称来命名旱灾:例如 1927-29 年。但近几十年来,澳大利亚东南部的干旱越来越多地被冠以正式名称,这种非正式的做法虽然已被广泛接受,但仍被称为 "旱灾"。例如联邦干旱、二战干旱、千年干旱以及最近的火药桶干旱。本文将为干旱命名的做法定位在更长的极端天气命名历史中。它探讨了命名实践对干旱调查的影响,干旱是跨学科知识的复杂对象,需要科学、社会科学和人文科学的分析。它还探讨了 "火药桶 "这一名称赋予 2017-19 年干旱的特质和含义。用 "火药桶 "这个词来描述环境状况,被批评为将景观的易燃性自然化,从而抹杀了人类的作用。但事实上,"Tinderbox Drought"(火药桶干旱)这一名称潜在地实现了语义反转,使人类造成的气候变化与最近和未来的干旱事件重新关联起来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Naming droughts: Historical perspectives on the scientific coining of “the Tinderbox Drought”
Most droughts go unnamed. At the time they are happening, they are generally referred to simply as “the drought.” After the fact, they are typically designated by a year or run of years rather than by a name: 1927–29, for instance. But in recent decades, proper names have increasingly been bestowed on droughts in southeast Australia in an informal although widely accepted practice. Examples include the Federation Drought, the World War II Drought, the Millennium Drought and, most recently, the Tinderbox Drought. This paper positions the practice of naming droughts within a longer history of naming weather extremes. It examines the implications of the naming practice for the investigation of droughts as complex objects of interdisciplinary knowledge that call for analysis from across the sciences, social sciences and humanities. And it considers the qualities and meanings attributed to the drought of 2017-19 by the name “Tinderbox.” Using the word “tinderbox” to describe environmental conditions has been criticised for naturalizing landscape flammability and so effacing human agency. But in fact the name “Tinderbox Drought” potentially enacts a semantic reversal that allows human-caused climate change to be reassociated discursively with recent and future drought events.
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来源期刊
Weather and Climate Extremes
Weather and Climate Extremes Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
7.50%
发文量
102
审稿时长
33 weeks
期刊介绍: Weather and Climate Extremes Target Audience: Academics Decision makers International development agencies Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Civil society Focus Areas: Research in weather and climate extremes Monitoring and early warning systems Assessment of vulnerability and impacts Developing and implementing intervention policies Effective risk management and adaptation practices Engagement of local communities in adopting coping strategies Information and communication strategies tailored to local and regional needs and circumstances
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