Upscaling Land Surface Fluxes Through Hyper Resolution Remote Sensing in Space, Time, and the Spectrum

Numerous efforts to measure land surface fluxes, from leaf to canopy scales, have significantly advanced the field of biogeoscience. However, upscaling these estimates to larger spatial and temporal scales remains a challenge. Recent advancements in remote sensing provide new opportunities to bridge these gaps in upscaling efforts. In this review, I propose that emerging satellite data can support the robust upscaling of land surface fluxes in terms of space through constellations of low Earth orbit satellites, in time through geostationary satellites, and in spectrum via optical, thermal, and microwave satellites. Lastly, I recommend the development of a long-term network integrating tower-based hyperspectral, thermal, and microwave instruments to rigorously evaluate the upscaling process of land surface fluxes.