水牛草对干旱植物群落的长期和景观影响:生态系统的转变和火灾的加速

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.70033
Ellen Ryan-Colton, Kris French, Glenda M. Wardle, John L. Read, Peter D. Canty, Peter J. Lang, Doug C. Bickerton, Christine A. Schlesinger
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物入侵会导致生物多样性丧失,改变生态系统,并促进入侵与火灾之间的正反馈循环。然而,人们对入侵草在具有不同植物群落的景观中的长期影响以及与火灾的相互作用知之甚少。我们的目标是研究水飞蓟草(Cenchrus ciliaris)这一全球重要的植物入侵者是否改变了林下和林上植物的丰度、均匀了植物组成并使生态系统从林地转变为草地,同时探索入侵与火灾之间的相互关系。我们结合了两种方法来评估水牛草在澳大利亚中部干旱地区Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara(APY)地块的入侵蔓延和影响:在15个地点进行为期25年的控制影响前(BACI)实验,以及在18个地点进行成对地块(随机区块)实验。这两项实验跨越了两个地理区域以及位于平坦平原和岩石丘陵上的多个植被群落。我们使用广义线性混合模型分析植物丰度的预测,并使用 permutational multivariate ANOVA(PERMANOVA)和 permutational multivariate analysis of dispersion(PERMDISP)分析群落组成的变化。利用火灾历史或植物物种的相对耐火性作为协变量、预测因子或响应,探讨了火灾与入侵的相互作用。火灾以多种方式与入侵过程相互作用。在一个地区,被入侵地点的火灾频率和最近发生的火灾次数都高于本地地点;在 1995 年出现繁殖体的地方,火灾发生时水牛草的丰度增加最多。随着入侵,林下植物功能群(本地草、蕨类植物和藤本植物)的丰度下降,林下灌木也因入侵地频繁的火灾而减少。上层植物组成从对火敏感的物种转向耐火物种,但这并不是入侵的直接原因。生态系统体制转变的部分证据包括被入侵的岩石山丘林下群落的同质化,以及原生地而非入侵地的木质灌木覆盖率在 25 年内的增加,导致到 2019 年覆盖率相差 5%。在异质生态群落中检测到了影响,其规模是以前在高背景群落变异性中未测试过的。虽然入侵并不依赖于火灾,但火灾会加速入侵的扩散和影响,这是未来研究和管理草类入侵者的一个重要考虑因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Long-term and landscape impacts of buffel grass on arid plant communities: Ecosystem shifts and acceleration by fire

Long-term and landscape impacts of buffel grass on arid plant communities: Ecosystem shifts and acceleration by fire

Plant invasions drive biodiversity loss, transform ecosystems, and promote positive-feedback cycles between invasion and fire. However, the long-term impacts of invasive grasses across landscapes with diverse plant communities and interactions with fire are poorly known. Our objectives were to examine whether buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), a globally significant plant invader, altered the abundance of understory and overstory plants, homogenized plant composition, and shifted ecosystems from woodlands to grassland and to explore interrelationships between invasion and fire. We combined two methodological approaches to assess invasion spread and impacts of buffel grass in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands of arid central Australia: a before-after-control-impact (BACI) experiment over 25 years at 15 sites and a paired-plot (randomized-block) experiment at 18 sites. Both experiments spanned two geographic regions and multiple vegetation communities situated on flat plains and rocky hills. We used generalized linear mixed models to analyze predictions about plant abundance and permutational multivariate ANOVA (PERMANOVA) and permutational multivariate analysis of dispersion (PERMDISP) to examine changes in community composition. Fire and invasion interactions were explored using fire history or the relative fire tolerance of plant species as covariates, predictors, or responses. Fire interacted with the invasion process in multiple ways. Invaded sites had burnt more frequently and recently than native sites in one region, and where propagules were present in 1995, buffel grass abundance increased most when fires ensued. Abundance of understory plant functional groups (native grasses, ferns, and vines) decreased with invasion, and understory shrubs decreased due to frequent fires in invaded sites. Overstory composition shifted from fire-sensitive species toward fire-tolerant species, but this was not directly attributable to invasion. Partial evidence for ecosystem regime shifts included homogenization of understory communities in invaded rocky hills, and an increase in woody shrub cover at native but not invaded sites over 25 years, resulting in a 5% cover difference by 2019. Impacts were detected across heterogeneous ecological communities at a scale not previously tested amongst high background community variability. Although invasion is not dependent on fire, the acceleration of invasion spread and impacts with fire is a critical consideration for future research and management of grass invaders.

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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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