多种哺乳动物食草动物和气候对奇瓦瓦沙漠草地-灌木林过渡的影响。

Ecology Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI:10.1002/ecy.4460
Kieran J Andreoni, Brandon T Bestelmeyer, David C Lightfoot, Robert L Schooley
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引用次数: 0

摘要

灌木或裸露地面取代草地(干旱化)是全球旱地景观变化的主要形式,会对生态系统服务产生影响。然而,野生食草动物引发或加强灌木地状态的潜力可能未得到充分重视,而且不同食草动物类群之间的比较分析也很少。我们试图弄清家牛、本地啮齿动物、本地袋鼬和外来非洲大羚羊(Oryx gazella)对正在遭受灌木侵蚀的奇瓦瓦沙漠草地的相对影响。然后,我们询问干旱期、雨季降水或种间草灌木竞争是否会改变食草动物的影响,从而改变植物覆盖率、物种多样性或群落组成。我们建立了一个长期实验,采用分级食草动物围栏处理,并调查了25年来的植物叶面覆盖率。蜜介壳虫(Prosopis glandulosa)的覆盖率主要随气候变化而增加,不受食草动物处理的影响。令人惊讶的是,在目前的密度下,排除牛和非洲大羚羊对多年生牧草覆盖率的影响微乎其微。在潮湿时期,本地袋鼬与气候相互作用,限制了多年生草地的覆盖率。本地啮齿类动物大大降低了植物多样性,降低了均匀度,并改变了群落组成。总体而言,我们没有发现哺乳类食草动物促进或抑制灌木蚕食的证据,但本地小型哺乳动物与气候的相互作用推动了草本植物群落的动态变化。正在进行的监测将确定排除本地小型哺乳动物和啮齿类动物是否会增加多年生草地的覆盖率,从而减缓向茂密灌木林的过渡。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effects of multiple mammalian herbivores and climate on grassland-shrubland transitions in the Chihuahuan Desert.

The replacement of grasses by shrubs or bare ground (xerification) is a primary form of landscape change in drylands globally with consequences for ecosystem services. The potential for wild herbivores to trigger or reinforce shrubland states may be underappreciated, however, and comparative analyses across herbivore taxa are sparse. We sought to clarify the relative effects of domestic cattle, native rodents, native lagomorphs, and exotic African oryx (Oryx gazella) on a Chihuahuan Desert grassland undergoing shrub encroachment. We then asked whether drought periods, wet season precipitation, or interspecific grass-shrub competition modified herbivore effects to alter plant cover, species diversity, or community composition. We established a long-term experiment with hierarchical herbivore exclosure treatments and surveyed plant foliar cover over 25 years. Cover of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) proliferated, responding primarily to climate, and was unaffected by herbivore treatments. Surprisingly, cattle and African oryx exclusion had only marginal effects on perennial grass cover at their current densities. Native lagomorphs interacted with climate to limit perennial grass cover during wet periods. Native rodents strongly decreased plant diversity, decreased evenness, and altered community composition. Overall, we found no evidence of mammalian herbivores facilitating or inhibiting shrub encroachment, but native small mammals interacting with climate drove dynamics of herbaceous plant communities. Ongoing monitoring will determine whether increased perennial grass cover from exclusion of native lagomorphs and rodents slows the transition to a dense shrubland.

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