决定封闭式电子漂移推进器发展的物理原理和主要研究成果

IF 0.9 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS
V. P. Kim, A. V. Semenkin, E. A. Shilov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文介绍了苏联和俄罗斯各机构多年来在开发带阳极层推进器(TALs)和固定等离子体推进器(SPTs)过程中取得的研究成果。由于这些推进器是在封闭电子漂移等离子体离子加速器(ACED)的基础上发展起来的,因此它们被称为 "封闭电子漂移推进器"(TCED)。TCED 在发展过程中取得了长足的进步。因此,SPT 已成为应用最广泛的电动火箭推进器(ERT)之一,并在继续发展。TAL 的发展也达到了相当高的水平,并接近实际应用。因此,我们在此探讨决定 SPT 和 TAL 开发进度的主要物理原理和研究成果,目的是对其进行分析和推广,并评估其对进一步开发此类推进器的适用性。本文简要概述了 SPT 和 TAL 研发的主要阶段以及在这些阶段取得的成果。结果表明,进一步开发的主要问题是确保高推力效率和长使用寿命。研究还表明,限制 TAL 和 SPT 使用寿命的主要因素是加速离子进入其结构元件;因此,为了控制离子运动,首先必须了解 TCED 放电中电场形成的模式。本文揭示了 TCED 放电的新特性和电场形成的特殊性,并阐明了其已知特性,这些特性决定了放电中具有主要电位降的加速区的厚度和位置,以及加速离子流向推进器结构元件的情况。本文考虑并分析了通过改变磁场特性来控制 TCED 加速区厚度和位置的方法,这些方法已在 SPT 和 TAL 开发的第二阶段进行了成功测试。结果表明,这些方法可以有效控制 TCED 的运行及其特性,并确定了确保其应用效率的物理条件。考虑到对放电特性和 TCED 中电场形成的特殊性的分析,确定了实施的物理条件,并论证了作为现代 TCED 发展主要方向的推进器完全取消加速区的可行性。对所考虑的问题给出了主要结论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Physical Principles and Main Research Results Determining the Development of Thrusters with Closed Electron Drift

Physical Principles and Main Research Results Determining the Development of Thrusters with Closed Electron Drift

The paper presents the results of many years of research carried out in various organizations of the USSR and Russia in the process of developing thrusters with anode layer (TALs) and stationary plasma thrusters (SPTs). They are known under the general name “thrusters with closed electron drift” (TCEDs), since they are developed on the basis of plasma ion accelerators with closed electron drift (ACEDs). TCEDs have come a long way in development. As a result, the SPT has become one of the most widely used electric rocket thrusters (ERTs) and continues to develop. The TAL development has also reached a fairly high level and is close to practical use. Therefore, here we consider the main physical principles and research results that determined the progress in the SPT and TAL development with the aim of their analysis and generalization, as well as assessment of their applicability for further development such thrusters. A brief overview of the main stages of the SPT and TAL development and the results achieved at these stages are given. It is shown that the main problem of their further development is to ensure both high thrust efficiency and a long service life. It is also shown that the main factor limiting the service life of TALs and SPTs is the ingress of accelerated ions onto their structure elements; therefore, in order to control the ion motion, it is first of all necessary to understand the patterns of electric field formation in TCED discharges. New properties of TCED discharges and the peculiarities of electric field formation are revealed and their known properties are clarified, which determine the thickness and position of the acceleration zone with the main potential drop in the discharge and the flows of accelerated ions onto the thruster structure elements. The methods of controlling the thickness and position of the acceleration zone in an TCED by varying the magnetic field characteristics, successfully tested at the second stage of the SPT and TAL development, are considered and analyzed. It is shown that these methods make it possible to effectively control the operation of an TCED and its characteristics, and physical conditions ensuring the efficiency of their application are determined. Physical conditions for the implementation and justification of the feasibility of completely removing the acceleration zone from the thruster as the main direction of modern TCED development are determined, taking into account the analysis of the properties of the discharge and the peculiarities of electric field formation in an TCED. The main conclusions on the issues considered are given.

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来源期刊
Plasma Physics Reports
Plasma Physics Reports 物理-物理:流体与等离子体
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
36.40%
发文量
104
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Plasma Physics Reports is a peer reviewed journal devoted to plasma physics. The journal covers the following topics: high-temperature plasma physics related to the problem of controlled nuclear fusion based on magnetic and inertial confinement; physics of cosmic plasma, including magnetosphere plasma, sun and stellar plasma, etc.; gas discharge plasma and plasma generated by laser and particle beams. The journal also publishes papers on such related topics as plasma electronics, generation of radiation in plasma, and plasma diagnostics. As well as other original communications, the journal publishes topical reviews and conference proceedings.
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