Electrochemical impedimetric aptasensor for the detection of Urea based on oxidized graphitic carbon nitride utilizing flexible electrode platform

Urea is a significant potential biomarker of kidney and liver-related diseases. Numerous traditional approaches are available to detect Urea. All of them are sensitive and specific but have substantial setbacks, such as being expensive, requiring expertise and taking time to bring results. Therefore in the present study, an electrochemical biosensor was designed using printed carbon conductive ink (PCCI)-based flexible electrode and integrated with aptamer and oxidized graphitic carbon nitride (Ox-g-C3N4) to detect Urea in samples. Electrochemical validation of the designed aptasensor was done by CV, DPV, and EIS. The designed aptasensor exhibited wide linear variety (20–100 mM) with 20 mM LOD and showed anti-interference ability as results proved that it was highly selective towards Urea. Using flexible electrodes made the sensor more economical and required significantly less reagent/analysis volume. Furthermore, aptamers are more stable than enzymes, making the sensor more robust and specific towards urea detection.