Development of molecularly imprinted polymer-based dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction for the selective extraction of histamine from canned tuna fish samples prior to its determination by GC–FID

A molecularly imprinted polymer-based dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction method has been developed for the efficient extraction and preconcentration of histamine from tuna fish samples prior to its determination by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. In this approach, a molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by chemical oxidation of pyrrole using iron (III) chloride, and then, it was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy and used in the extraction procedure. The method was validated using the International Council Research Protocol, and the results showed low limits of detection (0.06 mg kg⁻¹) and quantification (0.21 mg kg⁻¹), good precision (relative standard deviation = 3.2%), linearity (r² ≥ 0.9969) and acceptable extraction recovery (98%). The method was successfully done on various tuna fish samples, and histamine was determined in them.