{"title":"人体尿液中存在 N,N'-取代对苯二胺衍生的醌类物质","authors":"Juxiu Huang, Hangbiao Jin, Yingying Zhu, Ruyue Guo, Lisha Zhou, Xiaoyu Wu","doi":"10.3390/toxics12100733","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human exposure to various N,N'-substituted p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPDQs) has been of increasing concern. Recent studies have examined N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine-derived quinone (6PPDQ) in human urine to evaluate human exposure. However, other PPDQs in human urine have not been thoroughly investigated. This study analyzed six PPDQs in urine collected from 149 healthy individuals in Taizhou, China. All target PPDQs were detected, with 6PPDQ (mean 2.4 ng/mL, <limit of detection (LOD)-19 ng/mL) and 2-(cyclohexylamino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (CPPDQ; 2.1 ng/mL, <LOD-24 ng/mL) being the most prevalent. Human urinary concentrations of 2,5-bis((5-methylhexan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (77PDQ; mean 1.5 vs. 0.87 ng/mL; <i>p</i> = 0.013) and 2,5-bis(o-tolylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (mean 1.1 vs. 0.62 ng/mL; <i>p</i> = 0.027) were significantly higher in females compared to males. For CPPDQ (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and 6PPDQ (<i>p</i> < 0.01), a decrease was observed in urinary concentrations as participants aged. The daily excretion (DE) of PPDQs through urine was estimated for Chinese adults. The highest average DE was recorded for 6PPDQ at 81 ng/kg-bw/day, with a range from <0.5 to 475 ng/kg-bw/day. Following this, CPPDQ had a mean DE of 68 ng/kg-bw/day (range <0.5-516 ng/kg-bw/day), and 77PDQ had a mean DE of 30 ng/kg-bw/day (<0.5-481 ng/kg-bw/day). This study is the first to explore the presence of various PPDQs in human urinary samples, which is essential for assessing the potential health risks associated with these substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":23195,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511057/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Presence of N, N'-Substituted p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones in Human Urine.\",\"authors\":\"Juxiu Huang, Hangbiao Jin, Yingying Zhu, Ruyue Guo, Lisha Zhou, Xiaoyu Wu\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/toxics12100733\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Human exposure to various N,N'-substituted p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPDQs) has been of increasing concern. Recent studies have examined N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine-derived quinone (6PPDQ) in human urine to evaluate human exposure. However, other PPDQs in human urine have not been thoroughly investigated. This study analyzed six PPDQs in urine collected from 149 healthy individuals in Taizhou, China. All target PPDQs were detected, with 6PPDQ (mean 2.4 ng/mL, <limit of detection (LOD)-19 ng/mL) and 2-(cyclohexylamino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (CPPDQ; 2.1 ng/mL, <LOD-24 ng/mL) being the most prevalent. Human urinary concentrations of 2,5-bis((5-methylhexan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (77PDQ; mean 1.5 vs. 0.87 ng/mL; <i>p</i> = 0.013) and 2,5-bis(o-tolylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (mean 1.1 vs. 0.62 ng/mL; <i>p</i> = 0.027) were significantly higher in females compared to males. For CPPDQ (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and 6PPDQ (<i>p</i> < 0.01), a decrease was observed in urinary concentrations as participants aged. The daily excretion (DE) of PPDQs through urine was estimated for Chinese adults. The highest average DE was recorded for 6PPDQ at 81 ng/kg-bw/day, with a range from <0.5 to 475 ng/kg-bw/day. Following this, CPPDQ had a mean DE of 68 ng/kg-bw/day (range <0.5-516 ng/kg-bw/day), and 77PDQ had a mean DE of 30 ng/kg-bw/day (<0.5-481 ng/kg-bw/day). This study is the first to explore the presence of various PPDQs in human urinary samples, which is essential for assessing the potential health risks associated with these substances.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23195,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Toxics\",\"volume\":\"12 10\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511057/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Toxics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100733\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxics","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100733","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Presence of N, N'-Substituted p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones in Human Urine.
Human exposure to various N,N'-substituted p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPDQs) has been of increasing concern. Recent studies have examined N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine-derived quinone (6PPDQ) in human urine to evaluate human exposure. However, other PPDQs in human urine have not been thoroughly investigated. This study analyzed six PPDQs in urine collected from 149 healthy individuals in Taizhou, China. All target PPDQs were detected, with 6PPDQ (mean 2.4 ng/mL, p = 0.013) and 2,5-bis(o-tolylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (mean 1.1 vs. 0.62 ng/mL; p = 0.027) were significantly higher in females compared to males. For CPPDQ (p < 0.01) and 6PPDQ (p < 0.01), a decrease was observed in urinary concentrations as participants aged. The daily excretion (DE) of PPDQs through urine was estimated for Chinese adults. The highest average DE was recorded for 6PPDQ at 81 ng/kg-bw/day, with a range from <0.5 to 475 ng/kg-bw/day. Following this, CPPDQ had a mean DE of 68 ng/kg-bw/day (range <0.5-516 ng/kg-bw/day), and 77PDQ had a mean DE of 30 ng/kg-bw/day (<0.5-481 ng/kg-bw/day). This study is the first to explore the presence of various PPDQs in human urinary samples, which is essential for assessing the potential health risks associated with these substances.
ToxicsChemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
10.90%
发文量
681
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍:
Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to all aspects of toxic chemicals and materials. It publishes reviews, regular research papers, and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in detail. There is, therefore, no restriction on the maximum length of the papers, although authors should write their papers in a clear and concise way. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of calculations and experimental procedure can be deposited as supplementary material, if it is not possible to publish them along with the text.