[不同施氮措施对小麦-玉米轮作系统 N2O 排放的影响]。

Q2 Environmental Science
Lian-Feng Cai, Xue-Xia Wang, Jia-Chen Wang, Bing Cao, Dan Wei, Li-Na Liang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为研究华北地区麦玉轮作体系中农田土壤N2O排放对不同施氮措施的响应及其影响因素,我们对以下6个处理的一次性施肥结果进行了分析:不施肥(CK)、常规施氮(尿素)、一次追肥(U1)、优化施氮(减氮20%)、一次追肥(U2)、一次性施掺控释肥(尿素50%+控释尿素50%,减氮20%,SRU1)、一次追肥,U2),控释掺混肥一次性施肥(尿素 50%+控释尿素 50%,降氮 20%,SRU1),控释肥一次性施肥(降氮 20%、SRU2)和抑制剂型控释肥一次性施肥(减氮 20%,ISRU),并测定其 N2O 排放通量和土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明,小麦和玉石轮作期间土壤N2O排放通量呈动态变化,CK、U1和U2处理的N2O排放峰值出现在玉米季基肥施用4-7 d和基肥施用6-10 d,小麦季基肥施用4-8 d和基肥施用6-9 d。在玉米季和小麦季,SRU1、SRU2 和 ISRU 的排放峰分别出现在施肥 10-21 d、12-20 d 和 12-20 d 的基肥中。在 21 d 和 12-20 d,施用控释肥明显降低了 N2O 排放的峰值和频率。与 U1 相比,U2、SRU1、SRU2 和 ISRU 处理的 N2O 排放通量分别显著降低了 8.5%、20.0%、33.8% 和 43.6%,且玉米季的 N2O 排放通量高于小麦季,占整个轮作周期的 58.1%-65.1%。与 U1 相比,U2 和 SRU1 处理分别减产 5.9% 和 1.9%,SRU2 和 ISRU 处理分别增产 1.7% 和 7.0%。与 U1 相比,玉米季 ISRU 增产 14.6%,环境效益为 581 美元,净经济效益增加达 18.6%,而小麦季的产量和净经济效益均有所下降,因此一次性施用抑制剂控释肥更适合玉米季。N2O 排放通量与土壤性质理化指标的相关性分析表明,N2O 与水分、铵态氮、硝态氮、微生物碳和硝态氮相关。N2O 与水分、铵态氮、硝态氮、微生物碳氮量呈显著正相关。因此,一次性施用抑制剂型控释肥在减少劳动力投入和环境效益方面发挥了积极作用,可作为华北地区玉米种植氮肥管理的有效方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Measures on N2O Emissions in Wheat-maize Rotation System].

To investigate the response of N2O emissions from farmland soil to different nitrogen application measures and the factors affecting it in the wheat and jade rotation system in North China, we analyzed the results of the one-time application of fertilizer in the following six treatments: without fertilization (CK), conventional nitrogen application (urea, one instance of follow-up fertilization, U1), optimized nitrogen application (20% nitrogen reduction, one instance of follow-up fertilization, U2), one-time fertilization of controlled-release doped fertilizers (50% urea + controlled-release urea 50%, nitrogen reduction 20%, SRU1), controlled-release fertilizer one-time fertilization (nitrogen reduction 20%, SRU2), and inhibitor-type controlled-release fertilizer one-time fertilization (nitrogen reduction 20%, ISRU), and the differences in N2O emission fluxes and soil physicochemical properties were determined. The results showed that soil N2O emission fluxes were dynamic during the wheat and jade crop rotation, and the N2O emission peaks of the CK, U1, and U2 treatments appeared in the corn season at 4-7d of basal fertilizer and 6-10d of fertilizer, and out of the wheat season its emission peaks appeared in the basal fertilizer at 4-8 d and 6-9 d of fertilizer. The emission peaks of SRU1, SRU2, and ISRU appeared in the basal fertilizer at 10-21 d, 12-20 d, and 12-20 d of fertilizer, respectively, in the corn season and the wheat season. At 21 d and 12-20 d, the application of controlled-release fertilizer significantly reduced the peak and frequency of N2O emission. Compared with those in U1, the N2O emission fluxes of the U2, SRU1, SRU2, and ISRU treatments were significantly reduced by 8.5%, 20.0%, 33.8%, and 43.6%, respectively, and the N2O emission fluxes were higher in the corn season than in the wheat season, which accounted for 58.1%-65.1% of the whole crop rotation cycle. Yield was reduced by 5.9% and 1.9% for the U2 and SRU1 treatments and increased by 1.7% and 7.0% for the SRU2 and ISRU treatments, respectively, compared to that in U1. In the maize season, the ISRU yield increased by 14.6%, the environmental benefit was $581, and the net economic benefit increased by up to 18.6% compared to that in U1, whereas the wheat season showed a decrease in yield and net economic benefit, which resulted in a one-time application of the inhibitor controlled-release fertilizers being more suitable for the maize season. Correlation analysis of N2O emission fluxes with the physicochemical indices of soil properties revealed that N2O was correlated with moisture, ammonium N, nitrate N, and microbial carbon and nitrate N and nitrogen. N2O and moisture, ammonium N, nitrate N, and microbial amount of carbon and nitrogen were significantly positively correlated. Thus, the one-time application of inhibitor-type controlled-release fertilizers played a positive role in reducing labor inputs and environmental benefits, and it could be an effective method of N fertilizer management for maize cultivation in North China.

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环境科学
环境科学 Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
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