与接种 COVID-19 疫苗有关的心肌炎

IF 5.2 3区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
Vaccines Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI:10.3390/vaccines12101193
Kamila Florek, Mateusz Sokolski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

接种 COVID-19 疫苗后出现心肌炎是免疫接种后的重要不良反应之一,主要发生在基于 mRNA 的疫苗接种后。重要的是,接种后心肌炎的发生率低于感染 SARS-CoV-2 后心肌炎的发生率,分别为每 100 万剂 19.7 例和每 1000 例感染 2.76 例。与 COVID-19 感染后的心肌炎相比,接种疫苗后心肌炎患者中出现心力衰竭或死亡的人数要少得多。接种 COVID-19 疫苗后患心肌炎风险最高的人群是接种第二剂 mRNA 疫苗的年轻男性。据观察,在 mRNA 疫苗中,尤其是 mRNA-1273 与较高的心肌炎风险相关。COVID-19 疫苗接种后引发心肌炎的机制仍在研究中,某些过程也在考虑之中。目前,对疫苗诱发的心肌炎患者进行了一些随访评估,结果显示预后良好。本综述旨在讨论有关接种 COVID-19 疫苗后心肌炎的最新数据,考虑其流行病学、临床表现、诊断、处理、与 SARS-CoV-2 感染相比心肌炎的相对风险、潜在的潜在机制以及接种疫苗后心肌炎患者的随访数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Myocarditis Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination.

Myocarditis after the COVID-19 vaccine is one of the important adverse events following immunization, observed mainly after mRNA-based vaccines. Importantly, post-vaccination myocarditis was less common than myocarditis after SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it was scored at 19.7 per 1,000,000 doses and 2.76 per 1000 infections. Predominantly, its course was benign and, compared with the myocarditis after COVID-19 infection, significantly fewer patients developed heart failure or died among patients with post-vaccination myocarditis. The group at highest risk of myocarditis related to COVID-19 vaccination were young males who received a second dose of an mRNA vaccine. It was observed that, among mRNA vaccines, specifically mRNA-1273 was associated with a higher risk of myocarditis. The mechanism underlying myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination is still under investigation and certain processes are being considered. Currently, some follow-up assessments of patients who developed vaccine-induced myocarditis are available and suggest a favorable prognosis. The aim of this review is to discuss the most recent data on myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination considering its epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, relative risk of myocarditis compared with SARS-CoV-2 infection, potential underlying mechanism, and follow-up data of patients who developed post-vaccination myocarditis.

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来源期刊
Vaccines
Vaccines Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmacology
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
16.70%
发文量
1853
审稿时长
18.06 days
期刊介绍: Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal focused on laboratory and clinical vaccine research, utilization and immunization. Vaccines publishes high quality reviews, regular research papers, communications and case reports.
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