用于智能手表的 3D 超薄玻璃部件的热弯曲模拟和实验研究。

IF 3 3区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
Micromachines Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI:10.3390/mi15101264
Shunchang Hu, Peiyan Sun, Zhen Zhang, Guojun Zhang, Wuyi Ming
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引用次数: 0

摘要

加热系统是玻璃成型工艺的重要组成部分。它负责将玻璃加热到适当的温度,使其软化并易于成型。然而,在大规模生产中,加热系统的能耗变得尤为重要。本研究利用 G-11 玻璃进行模拟分析,并为三维超薄玻璃成型系统的热传导建立了有限元模型,还为智能手表建立了热弯曲模型。利用有限元软件,对模具和玻璃之间的热传导进行了建模,并预测了各种加工条件下的温度分布和热应力。模拟结果经过数值分析表明,加热速率技术对能耗有显著影响。这项研究共设计了四种加热策略。经比较,采用加热策略 4 进行优化,即在初始阶段(0 至 60 秒)采用 35 mJ/(mm2-s)的初始加热速率,随后在第二阶段(60 至 160 秒)升级到 45 mJ/(mm2-s),可使系统的热输出分别减少 4.396%,加热持续时间显著减少 7.875%。此外,还采用了单因素研究法来研究成型工艺参数。通过比较数值模拟结果发现,在温度为 615-625 ℃、成型压力为 25-35 MPa、加热速率为 1.5-2.5 ℃/s、冷却速率为 0.5-1 ℃/s、脉冲压力为 45-55 Hz 的范围内,对玻璃残余应力和形状偏差的影响极小。根据实验验证,相对误差范围在 20% 的可接受范围内,这为工艺开发提供了重要的方向和思路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Thermal Bending Simulation and Experimental Study of 3D Ultra-Thin Glass Components for Smartwatches.

The heating system is an essential component of the glass molding process. It is responsible for heating the glass to an appropriate temperature, allowing it to soften and be easily molded. However, the energy consumption of the heating system becomes particularly significant in large-scale production. This study utilized G-11 glass for the simulation analysis and developed a finite element model for the thermal conduction of a 3D ultra-thin glass molding system, as well as a thermal bending model for smartwatches. Using finite element software, the heat transfer between the mold and the glass was modeled, and the temperature distribution and thermal stress under various processing conditions were predicted. The findings of the simulation, when subjected to a numerical analysis, showed that heating rate techniques significantly affect energy consumption. This study devised a total of four heating strategies. Upon comparison, optimizing with heating strategy 4, which applies an initial heating rate of 35 mJ/(mm2·s) during the initial phase (0 to 60 s) and subsequently escalates to 45 mJ/(mm2·s) during the second phase (60 to 160 s), resulted in a reduction of 4.396% in the system's thermal output and a notable decrease of 7.875% in the heating duration, respectively. Furthermore, a single-factor research method was employed to study the forming process parameters. By comparing the numerical simulation results, it was found that within the temperature range of 615-625 °C, a molding pressure of 25-35 MPa, a heating rate of 1.5-2.5 °C/s, a cooling rate of 0.5-1 °C/s, and a pulse pressure of 45-55 Hz, the influence on residual stress and shape deviation in the glass was minimal. The relative error range was within the 20% acceptable limit, according to the experimental validation, which offered crucial direction and ideas for process development.

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来源期刊
Micromachines
Micromachines NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY-INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
14.70%
发文量
1862
审稿时长
16.31 days
期刊介绍: Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to micro-scaled machines and micromachinery. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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