Effects of Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth under Different Temperature Stresses in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) by Metabolome.

Background: The dramatic temperature fluctuations spurred by global warming and the accompanying extreme weather events inhibit mango growth and threaten mango productivity. Particularly, mango flowering is highly sensitive to temperature changes. The mango fruit setting rate was significantly positively correlated with pollen activity, and pollen activity was regulated by different metabolites.

Methods: In this study, the in vitro pollen of two mango varieties ('Renong No.1' and 'Jinhuang'), in which sensitivity to temperature differed significantly, were subjected to different temperature stresses (15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C), and their metabolomics were analyzed.

Results: The present results showed that 775 differential metabolites were screened by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and divided into 12 categories. The two varieties had significant differences in metabolite expression under different temperature stresses and the effect of low temperature on 'Renong No.1' mainly focused on amino acid metabolism, while the effect on 'Jinhuang' was mainly related to glycolysis. However, under the 35 °C temperature stress, 'Renong No.1' responded by redistributing riboflavin and betaine in vivo and the most obvious metabolic pathway of 'Jinhuang' enrichment was pyrimidine metabolism, which had undergone complex main body formation and extensive regulatory processes. The changes of metabolites of different varieties under low temperature and high temperature stress were different. Among them, flavonoids or flavonoid derivatives were included in class A (216 metabolites), C (163 metabolites) and D (233 metabolites) metabolites, indicating that flavonoid metabolites had an obvious regulatory effect on mango pollen metabolism under different temperature stress.

Conclusions: The present results provide valuable information for reproductive biology studies and breeding in mango, in particular, the selection and breeding of the most suitable varieties for different production areas.