Carolanne V M Vouriot, Maarten van Reeuwijk, Henry C Burridge
{"title":"教室环境中二氧化碳定点测量所产生的暴露预测的不确定性。","authors":"Carolanne V M Vouriot, Maarten van Reeuwijk, Henry C Burridge","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2024.0270","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predictions of airborne infection risk can be made based on the fraction of rebreathed air inferred from point measurements of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>[Formula: see text]</sub>). We investigate the extent to which environmental factors, particularly spatial variations due to the ventilation provision, affect the uncertainty in these predictions. Spatial variations are expected to be especially problematic in naturally ventilated spaces, which include the majority of classrooms in the UK. An idealized classroom, broadly representative of the physics of (buoyancy-driven) displacement ventilation, is examined using computational fluid dynamics, with different ventilation configurations. Passive tracers are used to model both the CO<sub>[Formula: see text]</sub> generated by all 32 occupants and the breath of a single infectious individual (located in nine different regions). The distribution of infected breath is shown to depend strongly on the distance from the release location but is also affected by the pattern of the ventilating flow, including the presence of stagnating regions. However, far-field exposure predictions based on single point measurements of CO<sub>[Formula: see text]</sub> within the breathing zone are shown to rarely differ from the actual exposure to infected breath by more than a factor of two-we argue this uncertainty is small compared with other uncertainties inherent in modelling airborne infection risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":17488,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","volume":"21 219","pages":"20240270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496947/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Uncertainties in exposure predictions arising from point measurements of carbon dioxide in classroom environments.\",\"authors\":\"Carolanne V M Vouriot, Maarten van Reeuwijk, Henry C Burridge\",\"doi\":\"10.1098/rsif.2024.0270\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Predictions of airborne infection risk can be made based on the fraction of rebreathed air inferred from point measurements of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>[Formula: see text]</sub>). We investigate the extent to which environmental factors, particularly spatial variations due to the ventilation provision, affect the uncertainty in these predictions. Spatial variations are expected to be especially problematic in naturally ventilated spaces, which include the majority of classrooms in the UK. An idealized classroom, broadly representative of the physics of (buoyancy-driven) displacement ventilation, is examined using computational fluid dynamics, with different ventilation configurations. Passive tracers are used to model both the CO<sub>[Formula: see text]</sub> generated by all 32 occupants and the breath of a single infectious individual (located in nine different regions). The distribution of infected breath is shown to depend strongly on the distance from the release location but is also affected by the pattern of the ventilating flow, including the presence of stagnating regions. However, far-field exposure predictions based on single point measurements of CO<sub>[Formula: see text]</sub> within the breathing zone are shown to rarely differ from the actual exposure to infected breath by more than a factor of two-we argue this uncertainty is small compared with other uncertainties inherent in modelling airborne infection risk.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17488,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of The Royal Society Interface\",\"volume\":\"21 219\",\"pages\":\"20240270\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496947/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of The Royal Society Interface\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2024.0270\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/10/23 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2024.0270","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/10/23 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Uncertainties in exposure predictions arising from point measurements of carbon dioxide in classroom environments.
Predictions of airborne infection risk can be made based on the fraction of rebreathed air inferred from point measurements of carbon dioxide (CO[Formula: see text]). We investigate the extent to which environmental factors, particularly spatial variations due to the ventilation provision, affect the uncertainty in these predictions. Spatial variations are expected to be especially problematic in naturally ventilated spaces, which include the majority of classrooms in the UK. An idealized classroom, broadly representative of the physics of (buoyancy-driven) displacement ventilation, is examined using computational fluid dynamics, with different ventilation configurations. Passive tracers are used to model both the CO[Formula: see text] generated by all 32 occupants and the breath of a single infectious individual (located in nine different regions). The distribution of infected breath is shown to depend strongly on the distance from the release location but is also affected by the pattern of the ventilating flow, including the presence of stagnating regions. However, far-field exposure predictions based on single point measurements of CO[Formula: see text] within the breathing zone are shown to rarely differ from the actual exposure to infected breath by more than a factor of two-we argue this uncertainty is small compared with other uncertainties inherent in modelling airborne infection risk.
期刊介绍:
J. R. Soc. Interface welcomes articles of high quality research at the interface of the physical and life sciences. It provides a high-quality forum to publish rapidly and interact across this boundary in two main ways: J. R. Soc. Interface publishes research applying chemistry, engineering, materials science, mathematics and physics to the biological and medical sciences; it also highlights discoveries in the life sciences of relevance to the physical sciences. Both sides of the interface are considered equally and it is one of the only journals to cover this exciting new territory. J. R. Soc. Interface welcomes contributions on a diverse range of topics, including but not limited to; biocomplexity, bioengineering, bioinformatics, biomaterials, biomechanics, bionanoscience, biophysics, chemical biology, computer science (as applied to the life sciences), medical physics, synthetic biology, systems biology, theoretical biology and tissue engineering.