多年生高山植物早期生活史分化对海拔适应性的影响

IF 2.3 2区 生物学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Aksel Pålsson, Ursina Walther, Simone Fior, Alex Widmer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

空间上不同的自然选择可以推动对不同环境的适应,从而推动生态型的进化。在多年生植物中,选择通过作用于随后的生命阶段来塑造生命史特征,每个生命阶段都会对适应性做出贡献。虽然在多年生植物中适应性的证据很常见,但生命史特征的表达却很少被描述,这限制了我们对其在适应性进化中的作用的理解。我们对高山石竹(Dianthus carthusianorum)低海拔和高海拔种群的幼苗进行了多年互惠移植实验,以检验与对比气候相关的适应性,并推断早期生命阶段对适应性的具体贡献。我们评估了基因型与环境在单一适应性成分中的相互作用,应用矩阵种群模型通过种群增长率对适应性进行了综合评估,并进行了权衡分析,以研究不同环境下交替生活史性状的优势。我们发现了基因型与环境相互作用的证据,这与早期生命周期多个阶段的海拔适应一致。对种群增长率的估计证实了当地基因型的强大优势。早期繁殖和存活分别是低海拔和高海拔地区适应性的主要因素,两者之间存在权衡关系,是不同生活史特征在不同环境中进化的基础。虽然这些特征有很强的遗传基础,但外来种群表现出共梯度可塑性,反映了当地种群的适应策略。我们的研究揭示,与气候相关的选择驱动了不同生活史的进化和海拔生态型的形成。在低海拔地区,高能环境和激烈竞争有利于对早期繁殖的投资,而在高海拔地区,资源的限制则有利于依赖自我维护的保守策略。高海拔种群表现出的共梯度可塑性可能有助于它们在气候变暖的条件下继续生存。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Early Life History Divergence Mediates Elevational Adaptation in a Perennial Alpine Plant

Early Life History Divergence Mediates Elevational Adaptation in a Perennial Alpine Plant

Spatially divergent natural selection can drive adaptation to contrasting environments and thus the evolution of ecotypes. In perennial plants, selection shapes life history traits by acting on subsequent life stages, each contributing to fitness. While evidence of adaptation in perennial plants is common, the expression of life history traits is rarely characterized, limiting our understanding of their role in adaptive evolution. We conducted a multi-year reciprocal transplant experiment with seedlings from low and high elevation populations of the alpine carnation Dianthus carthusianorum to test for adaptation linked to contrasting climates and inferred specific contributions of early life stages to fitness. We assessed genotype by environment interactions in single fitness components, applied matrix population models to achieve an integrated estimate of fitness through population growth rates, and performed trade-off analyses to investigate the advantage of alternate life history traits across environments. We found evidence of genotype by environment interactions consistent with elevational adaptation at multiple stages of the early life cycle. Estimates of population growth rates corroborated a strong advantage of the local genotype. Early reproduction and survival are alternate major contributors to adaptation at low and high elevation, respectively, and are linked by trade-offs that underlie the evolution of divergent life history traits across environments. While these traits have a strong genetic basis, foreign populations express co-gradient plasticity, reflecting the adaptive strategy of the local populations. Our study reveals that selection associated to climate has driven the evolution of divergent life histories and the formation of elevational ecotypes. While the high energy environment and strong competition favor investment in early reproduction at low elevation, limiting resources favor a more conservative strategy relying on self-maintenance at high elevation. The co-gradient plasticity expressed by high-elevation populations may facilitate their persistence under warming climatic conditions.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
1027
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Ecology and Evolution is the peer reviewed journal for rapid dissemination of research in all areas of ecology, evolution and conservation science. The journal gives priority to quality research reports, theoretical or empirical, that develop our understanding of organisms and their diversity, interactions between them, and the natural environment. Ecology and Evolution gives prompt and equal consideration to papers reporting theoretical, experimental, applied and descriptive work in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The journal will consider submissions across taxa in areas including but not limited to micro and macro ecological and evolutionary processes, characteristics of and interactions between individuals, populations, communities and the environment, physiological responses to environmental change, population genetics and phylogenetics, relatedness and kin selection, life histories, systematics and taxonomy, conservation genetics, extinction, speciation, adaption, behaviour, biodiversity, species abundance, macroecology, population and ecosystem dynamics, and conservation policy.
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