Aksel Pålsson, Ursina Walther, Simone Fior, Alex Widmer
{"title":"多年生高山植物早期生活史分化对海拔适应性的影响","authors":"Aksel Pålsson, Ursina Walther, Simone Fior, Alex Widmer","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70454","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spatially divergent natural selection can drive adaptation to contrasting environments and thus the evolution of ecotypes. In perennial plants, selection shapes life history traits by acting on subsequent life stages, each contributing to fitness. While evidence of adaptation in perennial plants is common, the expression of life history traits is rarely characterized, limiting our understanding of their role in adaptive evolution. We conducted a multi-year reciprocal transplant experiment with seedlings from low and high elevation populations of the alpine carnation <i>Dianthus carthusianorum</i> to test for adaptation linked to contrasting climates and inferred specific contributions of early life stages to fitness. We assessed genotype by environment interactions in single fitness components, applied matrix population models to achieve an integrated estimate of fitness through population growth rates, and performed trade-off analyses to investigate the advantage of alternate life history traits across environments. We found evidence of genotype by environment interactions consistent with elevational adaptation at multiple stages of the early life cycle. Estimates of population growth rates corroborated a strong advantage of the local genotype. Early reproduction and survival are alternate major contributors to adaptation at low and high elevation, respectively, and are linked by trade-offs that underlie the evolution of divergent life history traits across environments. While these traits have a strong genetic basis, foreign populations express co-gradient plasticity, reflecting the adaptive strategy of the local populations. Our study reveals that selection associated to climate has driven the evolution of divergent life histories and the formation of elevational ecotypes. While the high energy environment and strong competition favor investment in early reproduction at low elevation, limiting resources favor a more conservative strategy relying on self-maintenance at high elevation. The co-gradient plasticity expressed by high-elevation populations may facilitate their persistence under warming climatic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493492/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Early Life History Divergence Mediates Elevational Adaptation in a Perennial Alpine Plant\",\"authors\":\"Aksel Pålsson, Ursina Walther, Simone Fior, Alex Widmer\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ece3.70454\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Spatially divergent natural selection can drive adaptation to contrasting environments and thus the evolution of ecotypes. In perennial plants, selection shapes life history traits by acting on subsequent life stages, each contributing to fitness. While evidence of adaptation in perennial plants is common, the expression of life history traits is rarely characterized, limiting our understanding of their role in adaptive evolution. We conducted a multi-year reciprocal transplant experiment with seedlings from low and high elevation populations of the alpine carnation <i>Dianthus carthusianorum</i> to test for adaptation linked to contrasting climates and inferred specific contributions of early life stages to fitness. We assessed genotype by environment interactions in single fitness components, applied matrix population models to achieve an integrated estimate of fitness through population growth rates, and performed trade-off analyses to investigate the advantage of alternate life history traits across environments. We found evidence of genotype by environment interactions consistent with elevational adaptation at multiple stages of the early life cycle. Estimates of population growth rates corroborated a strong advantage of the local genotype. Early reproduction and survival are alternate major contributors to adaptation at low and high elevation, respectively, and are linked by trade-offs that underlie the evolution of divergent life history traits across environments. While these traits have a strong genetic basis, foreign populations express co-gradient plasticity, reflecting the adaptive strategy of the local populations. Our study reveals that selection associated to climate has driven the evolution of divergent life histories and the formation of elevational ecotypes. While the high energy environment and strong competition favor investment in early reproduction at low elevation, limiting resources favor a more conservative strategy relying on self-maintenance at high elevation. The co-gradient plasticity expressed by high-elevation populations may facilitate their persistence under warming climatic conditions.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11467,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ecology and Evolution\",\"volume\":\"14 10\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493492/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ecology and Evolution\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.70454\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecology and Evolution","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.70454","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Early Life History Divergence Mediates Elevational Adaptation in a Perennial Alpine Plant
Spatially divergent natural selection can drive adaptation to contrasting environments and thus the evolution of ecotypes. In perennial plants, selection shapes life history traits by acting on subsequent life stages, each contributing to fitness. While evidence of adaptation in perennial plants is common, the expression of life history traits is rarely characterized, limiting our understanding of their role in adaptive evolution. We conducted a multi-year reciprocal transplant experiment with seedlings from low and high elevation populations of the alpine carnation Dianthus carthusianorum to test for adaptation linked to contrasting climates and inferred specific contributions of early life stages to fitness. We assessed genotype by environment interactions in single fitness components, applied matrix population models to achieve an integrated estimate of fitness through population growth rates, and performed trade-off analyses to investigate the advantage of alternate life history traits across environments. We found evidence of genotype by environment interactions consistent with elevational adaptation at multiple stages of the early life cycle. Estimates of population growth rates corroborated a strong advantage of the local genotype. Early reproduction and survival are alternate major contributors to adaptation at low and high elevation, respectively, and are linked by trade-offs that underlie the evolution of divergent life history traits across environments. While these traits have a strong genetic basis, foreign populations express co-gradient plasticity, reflecting the adaptive strategy of the local populations. Our study reveals that selection associated to climate has driven the evolution of divergent life histories and the formation of elevational ecotypes. While the high energy environment and strong competition favor investment in early reproduction at low elevation, limiting resources favor a more conservative strategy relying on self-maintenance at high elevation. The co-gradient plasticity expressed by high-elevation populations may facilitate their persistence under warming climatic conditions.
期刊介绍:
Ecology and Evolution is the peer reviewed journal for rapid dissemination of research in all areas of ecology, evolution and conservation science. The journal gives priority to quality research reports, theoretical or empirical, that develop our understanding of organisms and their diversity, interactions between them, and the natural environment.
Ecology and Evolution gives prompt and equal consideration to papers reporting theoretical, experimental, applied and descriptive work in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The journal will consider submissions across taxa in areas including but not limited to micro and macro ecological and evolutionary processes, characteristics of and interactions between individuals, populations, communities and the environment, physiological responses to environmental change, population genetics and phylogenetics, relatedness and kin selection, life histories, systematics and taxonomy, conservation genetics, extinction, speciation, adaption, behaviour, biodiversity, species abundance, macroecology, population and ecosystem dynamics, and conservation policy.