Garima Bissa, Nisha Tak, Bhawana Chouhan, Euan K. James, Hukam S. Gehlot
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Symbionts were genetically characterized using multi locus gene sequence-based phylogenies of core and symbiotic genes. Host range was confirmed through cross-inoculation experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Nodules of <i>Prosopis</i> and <i>Neltuma</i> species are of the mimosoid type with genetically diverse strains of <i>Ensifer/Sinorhizobium</i>, <i>Mesorhizobium</i>, <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> and <i>Rhizobium</i> as their microsymbionts. Only <i>P</i>. <i>cineraria</i> nodulated in acidic soils of Meghalaya wherein it adopted <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> as symbionts. In addition to large variability based on core genes, substantial diversity was observed in the <i>nodA</i> genes harbored by <i>Sinorhizobium</i> with clear incidences of horizontal gene transfer; several <i>Sinorhizobium</i> strains harbored dominant and typical “Indian mimosoid clade” <i>nodA</i> genes. <i>Sinorhizobium</i> is the dominant symbiont of <i>Prosopis</i>/<i>Neltuma</i> species and cross nodulates related Indian native mimosoids such as <i>Mimosa himalayana</i> and species of <i>Vachellia</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Overlaps were seen in symbionts isolated from the native and exotic species suggesting that these hosts are open and inclusive towards a wide range of symbionts irrespective of their origin. Most tree rhizobia were incompatible with herbaceous papilionoid legumes. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景和目的:从印度不同农业气候地区的土壤中诱捕了原生Prosopis cineraria和三种外来的Neltuma(前Prosopis)物种(N. juliflora、N. alba和N. pallida)的根瘤微共生体,以分析寄主植物对其微共生体的偏好。方法:通过诱捕实验确定了Prosopis/Neltuma物种在碱性和酸性土壤中的结核能力。使用光镜和透射电子显微镜检查了结核的解剖结构。利用基于多位点基因序列的核心基因和共生基因的系统进化来确定共生体的遗传特征。结果Prosopis和Neltuma物种的结节为拟态类型,其微共生菌株包括Ensifer/Sinorhizobium、Mesorhizobium、Bradyrhizobium和Rhizobium等多种基因。只有 P. cineraria 在梅加拉亚邦的酸性土壤中产生了结核,它采用了巴西根瘤菌作为共生体。除了基于核心基因的巨大变异性外,还观察到中根瘤菌所携带的结节A基因具有很大的多样性,并有明显的水平基因转移现象;几个中根瘤菌菌株携带有显性和典型的 "印度拟态支系 "结节A基因。结论从本地和外来物种中分离出的共生体出现了重叠,这表明这些宿主对各种共生体具有开放性和包容性,无论其来源如何。大多数树木根瘤菌与草本乳头状豆科植物不相容。入侵介壳虫与本地根瘤菌的结瘤能力有助于其入侵。
The native Indian mimosoid tree Prosopis cineraria shares diverse root nodulating rhizobia symbionts with exotic species of Neltuma (ex-Prosopis)
Background and aims
Root nodule microsymbionts of native Prosopis cineraria and three exotic species of Neltuma (formerly Prosopis), N. juliflora, N. alba and N. pallida, were trapped from soils of different agro-climatic regions of India to analyze preferences of host plants towards their microsymbionts.
Methods
Ability of Prosopis/Neltuma species to nodulate in alkaline to acidic soils was determined through trap experiments. Nodule anatomy was examined using light and transmission electron microscopy. Symbionts were genetically characterized using multi locus gene sequence-based phylogenies of core and symbiotic genes. Host range was confirmed through cross-inoculation experiments.
Results
Nodules of Prosopis and Neltuma species are of the mimosoid type with genetically diverse strains of Ensifer/Sinorhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium as their microsymbionts. Only P. cineraria nodulated in acidic soils of Meghalaya wherein it adopted Bradyrhizobium as symbionts. In addition to large variability based on core genes, substantial diversity was observed in the nodA genes harbored by Sinorhizobium with clear incidences of horizontal gene transfer; several Sinorhizobium strains harbored dominant and typical “Indian mimosoid clade” nodA genes. Sinorhizobium is the dominant symbiont of Prosopis/Neltuma species and cross nodulates related Indian native mimosoids such as Mimosa himalayana and species of Vachellia.
Conclusion
Overlaps were seen in symbionts isolated from the native and exotic species suggesting that these hosts are open and inclusive towards a wide range of symbionts irrespective of their origin. Most tree rhizobia were incompatible with herbaceous papilionoid legumes. Invasive mesquites are assisted in their invasiveness by their ability to nodulate with native rhizobia.
期刊介绍:
Plant and Soil publishes original papers and review articles exploring the interface of plant biology and soil sciences, and that enhance our mechanistic understanding of plant-soil interactions. We focus on the interface of plant biology and soil sciences, and seek those manuscripts with a strong mechanistic component which develop and test hypotheses aimed at understanding underlying mechanisms of plant-soil interactions. Manuscripts can include both fundamental and applied aspects of mineral nutrition, plant water relations, symbiotic and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions, root anatomy and morphology, soil biology, ecology, agrochemistry and agrophysics, as long as they are hypothesis-driven and enhance our mechanistic understanding. Articles including a major molecular or modelling component also fall within the scope of the journal. All contributions appear in the English language, with consistent spelling, using either American or British English.