Biomimetic Mineralized Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Scaffolds From Microfluidic 3D Printing for Bone Repair

Bone defect is a common clinical orthopedic disease. The trend in this field is to develop tissue engineering scaffolds with appropriately designed components and structures for bone repair. Herein, inspired by the organic and inorganic components of bone matrix and the natural biomineralization mechanism, a MgSiO₃@Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle composite polycaprolactone (PCL) hybrid mineralized scaffold for bone repair is developed by microfluidic 3D printing. The incorporation of MgSiO₃@Fe₃O₄ within the PCL scaffold can effectively improve the bioactivity. In addition, a biomimetic mineralized layer is prepared on the surface of the scaffold, which endowed it with unique microstructural characteristics, enhanced cell adhesion and osteogenic activity, and thus improved the bone repair performance. Owing to these advantages, both in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the designed scaffold has outstanding biocompatibility and bone repair performance. These features indicate that the organic–inorganic biomineralized hybrid scaffold can be a potential bone graft substitute for clinical bone repair.