{"title":"统一传统塑料和可堆肥塑料中的金属(loid)分析:低密度聚乙烯和 PBAT/TPS 混合物中酸性消化方案的比较。","authors":"Stefano Carnati , Andrea Pozzi , Davide Spanu , Roberta Bettinetti , Luca Nizzetto , Gabriela Kalčíková , Ludovica Botta , Gilberto Binda","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143581","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The determination of metal-containing additives in plastic materials via acid digestion protocols has attracted growing interest to address potential environmental implications. However, the lack of protocol harmonization hinders data comparability within the literature. Here, six acid digestion protocols were employed to determine the metal(loid) content in plastics: these included three different acid mixtures (HNO<sub>3</sub> combined with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, HCl or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) for microwave-assisted digestion, with or without an additional room-temperature digestion step with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.</div><div>Each protocol was first validated for seven metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn) using a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) certified reference material (ERM®-EC681m). Then, validated protocols were applied on end-use materials, including conventional (i.e., LDPE) and compostable (i.e., PBAT/TPS) plastics.</div><div>The combination of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> with a further digestion step with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was the most suitable protocol: it successfully passed validation thresholds for all metal(loid)s (recoveries in the range 98.6–101.0 %) and yielded the highest concentrations in end-use materials. All other protocols resulted in a less efficient digestion of the sample matrix, leading to lower recoveries and the formation of solid residues. Notably, end-use plastics showed a great variability in metal(loid) concentrations, likely due to their additive-rich composition, in contrast to the minimal content of acid-soluble additives of the reference material.</div><div>This study represents an initial step towards the harmonization of acid digestion protocols and highlights new challenges in accurately analyzing end-use plastic materials, due to their complex additive composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Towards harmonization of metal(loid)s determination in conventional and compostable plastics: Comparison of acid digestion protocols in LDPE and PBAT/TPS blends\",\"authors\":\"Stefano Carnati , Andrea Pozzi , Davide Spanu , Roberta Bettinetti , Luca Nizzetto , Gabriela Kalčíková , Ludovica Botta , Gilberto Binda\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143581\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>The determination of metal-containing additives in plastic materials via acid digestion protocols has attracted growing interest to address potential environmental implications. However, the lack of protocol harmonization hinders data comparability within the literature. Here, six acid digestion protocols were employed to determine the metal(loid) content in plastics: these included three different acid mixtures (HNO<sub>3</sub> combined with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, HCl or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) for microwave-assisted digestion, with or without an additional room-temperature digestion step with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.</div><div>Each protocol was first validated for seven metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn) using a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) certified reference material (ERM®-EC681m). Then, validated protocols were applied on end-use materials, including conventional (i.e., LDPE) and compostable (i.e., PBAT/TPS) plastics.</div><div>The combination of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> with a further digestion step with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was the most suitable protocol: it successfully passed validation thresholds for all metal(loid)s (recoveries in the range 98.6–101.0 %) and yielded the highest concentrations in end-use materials. All other protocols resulted in a less efficient digestion of the sample matrix, leading to lower recoveries and the formation of solid residues. Notably, end-use plastics showed a great variability in metal(loid) concentrations, likely due to their additive-rich composition, in contrast to the minimal content of acid-soluble additives of the reference material.</div><div>This study represents an initial step towards the harmonization of acid digestion protocols and highlights new challenges in accurately analyzing end-use plastic materials, due to their complex additive composition.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":276,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Chemosphere\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Chemosphere\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653524024810\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemosphere","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653524024810","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Towards harmonization of metal(loid)s determination in conventional and compostable plastics: Comparison of acid digestion protocols in LDPE and PBAT/TPS blends
The determination of metal-containing additives in plastic materials via acid digestion protocols has attracted growing interest to address potential environmental implications. However, the lack of protocol harmonization hinders data comparability within the literature. Here, six acid digestion protocols were employed to determine the metal(loid) content in plastics: these included three different acid mixtures (HNO3 combined with H2SO4, HCl or H2O2) for microwave-assisted digestion, with or without an additional room-temperature digestion step with H2O2.
Each protocol was first validated for seven metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn) using a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) certified reference material (ERM®-EC681m). Then, validated protocols were applied on end-use materials, including conventional (i.e., LDPE) and compostable (i.e., PBAT/TPS) plastics.
The combination of H2SO4 and HNO3 with a further digestion step with H2O2 was the most suitable protocol: it successfully passed validation thresholds for all metal(loid)s (recoveries in the range 98.6–101.0 %) and yielded the highest concentrations in end-use materials. All other protocols resulted in a less efficient digestion of the sample matrix, leading to lower recoveries and the formation of solid residues. Notably, end-use plastics showed a great variability in metal(loid) concentrations, likely due to their additive-rich composition, in contrast to the minimal content of acid-soluble additives of the reference material.
This study represents an initial step towards the harmonization of acid digestion protocols and highlights new challenges in accurately analyzing end-use plastic materials, due to their complex additive composition.
期刊介绍:
Chemosphere, being an international multidisciplinary journal, is dedicated to publishing original communications and review articles on chemicals in the environment. The scope covers a wide range of topics, including the identification, quantification, behavior, fate, toxicology, treatment, and remediation of chemicals in the bio-, hydro-, litho-, and atmosphere, ensuring the broad dissemination of research in this field.