血小板和巨核细胞在败血症和急性呼吸系统综合症中的作用。

IF 4.7 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES
Gabriel Leung, Elizabeth A. Middleton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自 COVID-19 在全球大流行以来,人们开始重新关注感染过程中的肺损伤问题。急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和败血症等全身炎症反应是成人和儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。临床护理的改进改善了治疗效果,但死亡率仍高达 40%,重症患者的发病率也居高不下。对潜在生物过程的机制研究对于确定治疗目标仍然至关重要。此外,确定器官衰竭根本原因的方法是治疗和预防组织损伤的关键。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论巨核细胞(MKs)和血小板对全身性炎症综合征发病机制的贡献。我们探讨了巨核细胞的作用以及脓毒症期间髓外巨核细胞的新发现。我们描述了脓毒症期间血小板转录组的变化。最后,我们探讨了由聚集、活化和异型聚集体的形成所定义的血小板功能。要探讨血小板对这些异质综合征的贡献,还有许多工作要做,但血小板作为炎症的关键因素的基础已经奠定。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The role of platelets and megakaryocytes in sepsis and ARDS

The role of platelets and megakaryocytes in sepsis and ARDS

Since the global COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a renewed focus on lung injury during infection. Systemic inflammatory responses such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for both adults and children. Improvements in clinical care have improved outcomes but mortality remains ∼40% and significant morbidity persists for those patients with severe disease. Mechanistic studies of the underlying biological processes remain essential to identifying therapeutic targets. Furthermore, methods for identifying the underlying drivers of organ failure are key to treating and preventing tissue injury. In this review, we discuss the contribution of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets to the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory syndromes. We explore the role of MKs and the new identification of extramedullary MKs during sepsis. We describe the alterations in the platelet transcriptome during sepsis. Lastly, we explore platelet function as defined by aggregation, activation and the formation of heterotypic aggregates. Much more work is necessary to explore the contribution of platelets to these heterogenous syndromes, but the foundation of platelets as key contributors to inflammation has been laid.

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来源期刊
Journal of Physiology-London
Journal of Physiology-London 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
7.30%
发文量
817
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Physiology publishes full-length original Research Papers and Techniques for Physiology, which are short papers aimed at disseminating new techniques for physiological research. Articles solicited by the Editorial Board include Perspectives, Symposium Reports and Topical Reviews, which highlight areas of special physiological interest. CrossTalk articles are short editorial-style invited articles framing a debate between experts in the field on controversial topics. Letters to the Editor and Journal Club articles are also published. All categories of papers are subjected to peer reivew. The Journal of Physiology welcomes submitted research papers in all areas of physiology. Authors should present original work that illustrates new physiological principles or mechanisms. Papers on work at the molecular level, at the level of the cell membrane, single cells, tissues or organs and on systems physiology are all acceptable. Theoretical papers and papers that use computational models to further our understanding of physiological processes will be considered if based on experimentally derived data and if the hypothesis advanced is directly amenable to experimental testing. While emphasis is on human and mammalian physiology, work on lower vertebrate or invertebrate preparations may be suitable if it furthers the understanding of the functioning of other organisms including mammals.
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