Bioinformatics Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using RNA Sequencing.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common disease resulting from the median nerve entrapment at the wrist. Although CTS (prevalence=5%-10% in the general population) is the most common neuropathy, its molecular mechanisms need elucidation. We used bioinformatics to detect genes with differential expressions in CTS and introduce the molecular regulatory noncoding RNAs and signaling pathways involved.

Methods: The raw files of the RNA sequencing of CTS patients and controls were obtained from GEO (accession: GSE108023), and the samples were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes were isolated using DESeq2 R. Functional analyses were conducted on the signaling pathways, biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components of the differentially expressed genes. Additionally, interactions between the most differentially expressed genes and miRNAs and lncRNAs were investigated bioinformatically.

Results: Upregulation and downregulation were observed in 790 and 922 genes, respectively. The signaling pathway analysis identified the metabolism pathways of arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and tyrosine as the most significant pathways in CTS. Moreover, PLA2G2D and PLA2G2A with upregulated expressions and PLA2G2F, PLA2G4F, PLA2G4D, PLA2G3, and PLA2G4E with downregulated expressions were genes from the phospholipase family playing significant roles in the pathways. Further analyses demonstrated that hsa-miR-3150b-3p targeted PLA2G2A and PLA2G4F, and RP11-573D15.8-018 lncRNA had regulatory interactions with the aforementioned genes.

Conclusion: Molecular studies on CTS will clarify the involved signaling pathways and provide critical data for biomedical research, drug development, and clinical applications.