通过法医骨骼分析进行人体识别:三个案例回顾。

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL
Forensic Sciences Research Pub Date : 2024-08-29 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1093/fsr/owae053
Joe Adserias-Garriga, Shelby Feirstein, Dakota Bell, Hannah Skropits, Dennis C Dirkmaat
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引用次数: 0

摘要

要确定在法医环境中发现的遗骸的身份,通常需要通过 DNA、指纹或骨骼学来完成。然而,当这些主要鉴定手段无法应用时,从业人员可以依靠结合从其他鉴定方式(如死前创伤、病理学或独特的骨骼形态)中得出的吻合点来建立鉴定案例。为了进行这些比较,法医人类学家必须在人类骨骼变异和死前创伤方面训练有素、经验丰富,才能正确评估特定的骨骼特征,并了解其在个人识别方面的价值。除了对骨骼特征和标准放射影像进行宏观分析外,最近的法医人类学研究还采用了高质量的临床成像技术,以便从骨骼中确定个人身份。本文介绍了三个法医人类学案例,在这三个案例中,根据从死前到死后的多种对比方式(包括骨骼变异、死前骨折形态、骨小梁形态、牙齿特征和植入手术器械)确定了正面身份。这些案例使用了多种成像技术,如头颅放射影像、牙科放射影像、计算机断层扫描、摄影和骨骼遗骸的三维表面扫描,以实现个人身份鉴定:本文讨论了三个案例,在这些案例中,使用了多种形式的死前和死后成像技术来比较感兴趣的骨骼区域,所有案例均由梅西赫斯特大学法医人类学团队完成。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Human identification through forensic skeletal analysis: three case reviews.

Establishing a positive identification of human remains found in a forensic setting is often accomplished through DNA, fingerprints, or odontology. However, when these primary identifiers cannot be applied, practitioners can rely on combining points of concordance derived from other identification modalities such as antemortem trauma, pathology, or unique skeletal morphologies to build up a case for identification. In order to conduct these comparisons, forensic anthropologists must be well trained and experienced in human skeletal variation and antemortem trauma to properly evaluate a particular skeletal trait and understand its value with respect to personal identification. In addition to macroscopic analysis of skeletal features and standard radiographic images, recent forensic anthropological efforts of establishing personal identity from the skeleton have employed high-quality clinical imaging technologies. This article presents three forensic anthropological cases in which positive identification was established on the basis of multiple antemortem to postmortem comparison modalities that included skeletal variation, antemortem fracture morphologies, trabecular patterns, dental traits, and implanted surgical devices. These cases use a variety of imaging techniques, such as cranial radiographic images, dental radiographs, computed tomography, photography, and 3D surface scans of the skeletal remains, to achieve personal identification.

Key points: The identification of the remains becomes a top priority in forensic investigations.Dental treatment, implanted surgical devices, anatomical variation, and healed skeletal trauma can provide useful features for the antemortem vs. postmortem records comparison.This article discusses three cases in which multiple forms of antemortem and postmortem imaging were used to compare skeletal areas of interest.All cases were carried out by the Mercyhurst University Forensic Anthropology Team.

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来源期刊
Forensic Sciences Research
Forensic Sciences Research MEDICINE, LEGAL-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
7.70%
发文量
158
审稿时长
26 weeks
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