Recipient selection for lung transplantation: perspective in decision-making.

Background: To determine the conditions that prevented transplant in patients referred to our center due to end-stage lung disease.

Study design: Descriptive study.

Place and duration of the study: Department of lung transplant clinic, Koşuyolu High Specialization Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, from December 2017 to January 2022.

Methods: Patients with end-stage lung disease referred to our clinic were retrospectively evaluated with regard to reasons for exclusion, diagnosis, and demographic data. The Karnofsky Performance Status scoring scale was used to measure the functional status of the patients.

Results: A total of 311 patients were evaluated during the study period. The mean age was 44.2 (range 4-73) years. There were 207 (66.6%) male patients. The most common indications were idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 104 (33.4%) patients, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 53 (17%) patients, bronchiectasis in 49 (15.7%) patients, and cystic fibrosis in 28 (9%) patients. Of the patients, 106 (34%) were not appropriate candidates for a lung transplant. The most common reasons for refusal were preventable situations such as activity limitation and poor performance in 53 (50%) patients, weight in 49 (46.2%) patients, and smoking in 10 (9.4%) patients.

Conclusion: Impaired performance status was the most common cause of lung transplant exclusion. Weight and smoking were preventable causes of exclusion. Implementing pulmonary rehabilitation in very few patients was the most important handicap. It is believed that providing optimal treatment with a multidisciplinary approach and timely referral to transplant centers will significantly reduce the reasons for exclusion. Key message What is already known on this topic?  Referring lung transplant candidates to clinics at the earliest stage is essential for assessing their condition and exploring treatment options. What this study adds?  Factors like smoking, obesity, and muscle loss can hinder the transplantation process; thus, timely interventions are crucial. The primary reason for excluding candidates from lung transplantation is the decline in performance status. How this study might affect research, practice or policy?  Programs focused on smoking cessation, weight management, and muscle strengthening can play a vital role in enhancing patients' health before transplantation. It is imperative to expand and enhance the accessibility of pulmonary rehabilitation programs.