组织化学和分子分析揭示了 Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack 昙花中香味挥发物的合成和释放。

IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Planta Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI:10.1007/s00425-024-04552-6
Sinjini Datta, Shobhon Paul, Lopamudra Ballabh, Adinpunya Mitra
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引用次数: 0

摘要

主要结论研究发现,花挥发物在墨兰花瓣表皮中的时间组织定位与候选基因的协调表达和挥发物内部池的连续积累有关。Murraya paniculata(芸香科)以其芳香浓郁的昙花而闻名,这种花会释放出挥发性物质来吸引夜间的传粉者。为了揭示挥发性物质的释放模式与花朵寿命的关系,我们研究了花朵成熟的六个时间点上香味挥发性物质的时程积累和释放率,从花蕾期开始到第二天的衰老期,间隔时间为 4 小时。这项研究发现,花期 18:00 时香味挥发物的释放率最高。在散发池和内部池中检测到的主要挥发物是苯甲醛、苯乙醛、芳樟醇、石竹烯、锗烯-D 和 α-法呢烯。此外,内部池中还含有大量的吲哚、莨菪亭、咖啡因和奥斯特孔。为了用组织化学方法定位表皮细胞中主要挥发性基团的时间积累,用 NaDi 和氯化铁分别对花瓣横切面进行染色,以便在光学显微镜下观察萜烯和酚类物质。组织定位研究表明,萜类化合物在 14:00 h 和 18:00 h 有较高的积累,随后随着衰老的临近而减少。花瓣表皮背面和正面层的大量酚类物质在 18:00 小时和衰老初期(06:00 小时)积累。此外,通过凝胶内活性测定对活性莽草酸脱氢酶(SKDH)蛋白的时间定位表明,花期(18:00 h)和盛开期(02:00 h)酶活性较高,这也支持了酚类挥发物在18:00 h和06:00 h阶段积累较多的结论。花香挥发物途径主要候选基因的表达分析支持了花香释放率在开花期(18:00 h)达到最大的假设。相反,RT-PCR 半定量估计表明,香味化合物的生物合成在花蕾(14:00 h)阶段就开始了。由于圆锥花序的花朵能吸引多种授粉昆虫,这项研究也可作为研究包括重要水果作物在内的芸香科授粉生物学的跳板。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Histochemical and molecular analyses reveal an insight into the scent volatiles synthesis and emission in ephemeral flowers of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack.

Main conclusion: Temporal histolocalization of floral volatiles in the petal epidermis of Murraya paniculata was found to be linked with the coordinated expression of candidate genes and successive accumulation of an internal pool of volatiles. Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae) is known for its highly fragrant ephemeral flowers that emit volatiles to attract nocturnal pollinators. To unfold the patterns of volatile emission in relation to floral life-span, we studied time-course accumulation and emission rate of scent volatiles at six timepoints of floral maturation, at an interval of 4 h starting from the bud stage to the senescence stage on the next day. This study revealed the maximum emission rate of scent volatiles at the anthesis stage at 18:00 h. This finding correlates well with the maximum accumulation of volatiles in the internal pool of the flowers at this stage. The key volatiles detected in both emitted and internal pools were benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, linalool, caryophyllene, germacrene-D and α-farnesene. In addition, the internal pool also contained substantial amounts of indole, scopoletin, caffeine and osthole. To histochemically localize the temporal accumulation of major volatile groups in the epidermal cells, petal cross sections were stained with NaDi and ferric chloride to visualize terpenes and phenolics, respectively, under light microscope. Histolocalization studies showed a higher accumulation of terpenes at 14:00 h and 18:00 h, which subsequently was reduced as senescence approached. Significant phenolics in the abaxial and adaxial layers of the petal epidermis accumulated at 18:00 h and at the early senescence (06:00 h) stages. Furthermore, temporal localization of active shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH) protein through in-gel activity assay demonstrated higher enzymatic activities at anthesis (18:00 h) and fully bloomed (02:00 h) stages, supporting the findings of higher accumulation of phenolic volatiles at 18:00 h and 06:00 h stages. Expression analysis of major candidate genes of floral scent volatiles pathway supported the hypothesis that the emission rate of floral fragrance reached its maximum at the anthesis (18:00 h) stage. In contrast, biosynthesis of scent compounds started at the bud (14:00 h) stage itself as indicated by the RT-PCR semi-quantitative estimation. As flowers of M. paniculata attract multiple pollinator species, this study could also serve as a springboard for pollination biology in Rutaceae, which includes important fruit crops.

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来源期刊
Planta
Planta 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
2.30%
发文量
217
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Planta publishes timely and substantial articles on all aspects of plant biology. We welcome original research papers on any plant species. Areas of interest include biochemistry, bioenergy, biotechnology, cell biology, development, ecological and environmental physiology, growth, metabolism, morphogenesis, molecular biology, new methods, physiology, plant-microbe interactions, structural biology, and systems biology.
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