庚胺醇毛发检测凸显出补充剂中的辛辣碱污染,这是兴奋剂不良分析结果的罪魁祸首。

IF 3.2 3区 医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
Jean-Claude Alvarez , Isabelle Etting
{"title":"庚胺醇毛发检测凸显出补充剂中的辛辣碱污染,这是兴奋剂不良分析结果的罪魁祸首。","authors":"Jean-Claude Alvarez ,&nbsp;Isabelle Etting","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2024.120002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Octodrine, also known as dimethylhexylamine (DMHA), is a central nervous stimulant. When ingested by humans, octodrine is rapidly metabolized to heptaminol, the main compound present in the blood. Due to their stimulant activities, octodrine and its metabolite are specified substances in section S6b “specified stimulants” of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List, prohibited in competition. But in some cases, they can be responsible for an adverse analytical finding (AAF) following contamination, with a low concentration in the urine. In such cases, a hair test can distinguish doping from contamination according to the concentration measured, or the absence of the target drug. However, no data are available in the literature. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of octodrine and heptaminol in hair, and to apply it to an athlete with an AAF with heptaminol (141 and 136 ng/mL in urine samples A and B after correction for specific gravity) and octodrine (16 ng/mL, not given by the WADA laboratory in sample A as being below the minimum request level of 50 ng/mL).</div><div>All the supplements taken by the athlete were analysed, and pubic hair (black, 1.5–2 cm long, no head hair available) and toenail clippings (0.1 cm) were sampled two months after AAF. A supplement was identified as the source of contamination, containing octodrine at a concentration range 16–34 µg/g. The athlete had taken 13 g daily (0.2–0.4 mg octodrine) for 20 days prior to the AAF (total dose 4–8 mg). His pubic hair and toenail clippings contained only heptaminol (30 pg/mg and 3 pg/mg, respectively). A controlled study was carried out on a volunteer who took a single 13 g dose of the contaminated supplement (single dose of octodrine 0.2–0.4 mg). His urine was positive for both compounds, with concentrations very close to those of the athlete on the day of the AAF after the same delay between intake and sampling (around 4 h). One month later, his head hair and pubic hair showed only heptaminol at 2 and 3 pg/mg, respectively, and toenail clippings were totally negative for both compounds. The contamination was accepted by the WADA commission, but the athlete was still banned for 9 months for having consumed supplements purchased on the internet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"565 ","pages":"Article 120002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Heptaminol hair testing to highlight octodrine contamination in supplements, responsible for a doping adverse analytical finding\",\"authors\":\"Jean-Claude Alvarez ,&nbsp;Isabelle Etting\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.cca.2024.120002\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Octodrine, also known as dimethylhexylamine (DMHA), is a central nervous stimulant. When ingested by humans, octodrine is rapidly metabolized to heptaminol, the main compound present in the blood. Due to their stimulant activities, octodrine and its metabolite are specified substances in section S6b “specified stimulants” of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List, prohibited in competition. But in some cases, they can be responsible for an adverse analytical finding (AAF) following contamination, with a low concentration in the urine. In such cases, a hair test can distinguish doping from contamination according to the concentration measured, or the absence of the target drug. However, no data are available in the literature. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of octodrine and heptaminol in hair, and to apply it to an athlete with an AAF with heptaminol (141 and 136 ng/mL in urine samples A and B after correction for specific gravity) and octodrine (16 ng/mL, not given by the WADA laboratory in sample A as being below the minimum request level of 50 ng/mL).</div><div>All the supplements taken by the athlete were analysed, and pubic hair (black, 1.5–2 cm long, no head hair available) and toenail clippings (0.1 cm) were sampled two months after AAF. A supplement was identified as the source of contamination, containing octodrine at a concentration range 16–34 µg/g. The athlete had taken 13 g daily (0.2–0.4 mg octodrine) for 20 days prior to the AAF (total dose 4–8 mg). His pubic hair and toenail clippings contained only heptaminol (30 pg/mg and 3 pg/mg, respectively). A controlled study was carried out on a volunteer who took a single 13 g dose of the contaminated supplement (single dose of octodrine 0.2–0.4 mg). His urine was positive for both compounds, with concentrations very close to those of the athlete on the day of the AAF after the same delay between intake and sampling (around 4 h). One month later, his head hair and pubic hair showed only heptaminol at 2 and 3 pg/mg, respectively, and toenail clippings were totally negative for both compounds. The contamination was accepted by the WADA commission, but the athlete was still banned for 9 months for having consumed supplements purchased on the internet.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10205,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Clinica Chimica Acta\",\"volume\":\"565 \",\"pages\":\"Article 120002\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Clinica Chimica Acta\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009898124022551\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinica Chimica Acta","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009898124022551","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

辛复宁又称二甲基己胺(DMHA),是一种中枢神经兴奋剂。人摄入辛复宁后,会迅速代谢为庚胺醇,这是血液中的主要化合物。由于具有兴奋剂活性,辛复宁及其代谢物是世界反兴奋剂机构(WADA)禁用清单 S6b 部分 "特定兴奋剂 "中的特定物质,在比赛中禁用。但在某些情况下,尿液中浓度较低的这类物质可能会在污染后导致分析结果不良(AAF)。在这种情况下,毛发检测可根据所测得的浓度或目标药物的缺失来区分兴奋剂和污染。然而,目前还没有相关的文献数据。本研究的目的是开发一种液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)方法,用于定量检测毛发中的辛复宁和七烯醇,并将其应用于一名七烯醇(经比重校正后,尿样 A 和 B 中的七烯醇含量分别为 141 和 136 纳克/毫升)和辛复宁(16 纳克/毫升,世界反兴奋剂机构实验室认为样本 A 中的辛复宁含量低于 50 纳克/毫升的最低要求水平)AAF 运动员。对该运动员服用的所有补充剂进行了分析,并在 AAF 两个月后对阴毛(黑色,1.5-2 厘米长,无头毛)和趾甲剪(0.1 厘米)进行了采样。经鉴定,一种补充剂是污染源,其中含有辛辣碱,浓度范围为 16-34 微克/克。该运动员在 AAF 之前的 20 天内每天服用 13 克(0.2-0.4 毫克辛复宁)(总剂量为 4-8 毫克)。他的阴毛和趾甲剪屑中只含有庚胺醇(分别为 30 皮克/毫克和 3 皮克/毫克)。对一名志愿者进行了一项对照研究,该志愿者服用了 13 克的受污染补充剂(单剂量辛弗林 0.2-0.4 毫克)。他的尿液中这两种化合物的含量均呈阳性,在摄入和采样间隔相同的情况下(约 4 小时),其浓度非常接近 AAF 当天运动员的尿液浓度。一个月后,他的头 发和阴毛只显示庚胺醇,分别为 2 皮克/毫克和 3 皮克/毫克。世界反兴奋剂机构委员会接受了这一污染结果,但该运动员仍因服用了从网上购买的补充剂而被禁赛 9 个月。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Heptaminol hair testing to highlight octodrine contamination in supplements, responsible for a doping adverse analytical finding
Octodrine, also known as dimethylhexylamine (DMHA), is a central nervous stimulant. When ingested by humans, octodrine is rapidly metabolized to heptaminol, the main compound present in the blood. Due to their stimulant activities, octodrine and its metabolite are specified substances in section S6b “specified stimulants” of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List, prohibited in competition. But in some cases, they can be responsible for an adverse analytical finding (AAF) following contamination, with a low concentration in the urine. In such cases, a hair test can distinguish doping from contamination according to the concentration measured, or the absence of the target drug. However, no data are available in the literature. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of octodrine and heptaminol in hair, and to apply it to an athlete with an AAF with heptaminol (141 and 136 ng/mL in urine samples A and B after correction for specific gravity) and octodrine (16 ng/mL, not given by the WADA laboratory in sample A as being below the minimum request level of 50 ng/mL).
All the supplements taken by the athlete were analysed, and pubic hair (black, 1.5–2 cm long, no head hair available) and toenail clippings (0.1 cm) were sampled two months after AAF. A supplement was identified as the source of contamination, containing octodrine at a concentration range 16–34 µg/g. The athlete had taken 13 g daily (0.2–0.4 mg octodrine) for 20 days prior to the AAF (total dose 4–8 mg). His pubic hair and toenail clippings contained only heptaminol (30 pg/mg and 3 pg/mg, respectively). A controlled study was carried out on a volunteer who took a single 13 g dose of the contaminated supplement (single dose of octodrine 0.2–0.4 mg). His urine was positive for both compounds, with concentrations very close to those of the athlete on the day of the AAF after the same delay between intake and sampling (around 4 h). One month later, his head hair and pubic hair showed only heptaminol at 2 and 3 pg/mg, respectively, and toenail clippings were totally negative for both compounds. The contamination was accepted by the WADA commission, but the athlete was still banned for 9 months for having consumed supplements purchased on the internet.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Clinica Chimica Acta
Clinica Chimica Acta 医学-医学实验技术
CiteScore
10.10
自引率
2.00%
发文量
1268
审稿时长
23 days
期刊介绍: The Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Clinica Chimica Acta is a high-quality journal which publishes original Research Communications in the field of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, defined as the diagnostic application of chemistry, biochemistry, immunochemistry, biochemical aspects of hematology, toxicology, and molecular biology to the study of human disease in body fluids and cells. The objective of the journal is to publish novel information leading to a better understanding of biological mechanisms of human diseases, their prevention, diagnosis, and patient management. Reports of an applied clinical character are also welcome. Papers concerned with normal metabolic processes or with constituents of normal cells or body fluids, such as reports of experimental or clinical studies in animals, are only considered when they are clearly and directly relevant to human disease. Evaluation of commercial products have a low priority for publication, unless they are novel or represent a technological breakthrough. Studies dealing with effects of drugs and natural products and studies dealing with the redox status in various diseases are not within the journal''s scope. Development and evaluation of novel analytical methodologies where applicable to diagnostic clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, including point-of-care testing, and topics on laboratory management and informatics will also be considered. Studies focused on emerging diagnostic technologies and (big) data analysis procedures including digitalization, mobile Health, and artificial Intelligence applied to Laboratory Medicine are also of interest.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信