Shivani R. Bharucha, Mehul S. Dave, Sunil H. Chaki and Tushar A. Limbani
{"title":"通过温度依赖性声化学方法合成的 NbSe2 纳米粒子的热学研究","authors":"Shivani R. Bharucha, Mehul S. Dave, Sunil H. Chaki and Tushar A. Limbani","doi":"10.1039/D4RA05108D","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to their unique size-dependent properties, transition metal di-chalcogenide nanoparticles are trending in research for their potential to revolutionize next-generation electronics, energy storage, and catalytic processes. This study addresses the effect of temperature when synthesizing NbSe<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanoparticles <em>via</em> the sonochemical method at three different temperatures, room temperature (R.T.), 70 °C, and 100 °C. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the high purity of NbSe<small><sub>2</sub></small>, with the sample synthesized at 70 °C, displaying the accurate stoichiometric ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all samples maintained the hexagonal phase of NbSe<small><sub>2</sub></small>, with 70 °C exhibiting superior crystallinity due to their crystallite size, lowest dislocation density, and minimal internal strain. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses, demonstrated that the sample synthesized at 70 °C had the highest thermal stability, with the lowest total weight loss and most consistent mass loss behavior. Kinetic parameters were evaluated using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods, determining activation energy (<em>E</em><small><sub>a</sub></small>), pre-exponential factor (<em>A</em>), change in activation enthalpy (Δ<em>H</em>*), change in activation entropy (Δ<em>S</em>*), and Gibbs free energy change (Δ<em>G</em>*). Also, the sample synthesized at 70 °C exhibited the highest <em>E</em><small><sub>a</sub></small>, indicating superior thermal stability and favorable reaction kinetics. The findings underscore the significant impact of synthesis temperature on the structural and thermal properties of NbSe<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanoparticles, with the sample synthesized at 70 °C demonstrating optimal characteristics. This study provides valuable insights into temperature-dependent synthesis and the thermal behavior of NbSe<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanoparticles, highlighting their potential in various technological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ra/d4ra05108d?page=search","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Thermal investigation of NbSe2 nanoparticles synthesized through a temperature-dependent sonochemical method\",\"authors\":\"Shivani R. Bharucha, Mehul S. Dave, Sunil H. Chaki and Tushar A. Limbani\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/D4RA05108D\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >Due to their unique size-dependent properties, transition metal di-chalcogenide nanoparticles are trending in research for their potential to revolutionize next-generation electronics, energy storage, and catalytic processes. This study addresses the effect of temperature when synthesizing NbSe<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanoparticles <em>via</em> the sonochemical method at three different temperatures, room temperature (R.T.), 70 °C, and 100 °C. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the high purity of NbSe<small><sub>2</sub></small>, with the sample synthesized at 70 °C, displaying the accurate stoichiometric ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all samples maintained the hexagonal phase of NbSe<small><sub>2</sub></small>, with 70 °C exhibiting superior crystallinity due to their crystallite size, lowest dislocation density, and minimal internal strain. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses, demonstrated that the sample synthesized at 70 °C had the highest thermal stability, with the lowest total weight loss and most consistent mass loss behavior. Kinetic parameters were evaluated using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods, determining activation energy (<em>E</em><small><sub>a</sub></small>), pre-exponential factor (<em>A</em>), change in activation enthalpy (Δ<em>H</em>*), change in activation entropy (Δ<em>S</em>*), and Gibbs free energy change (Δ<em>G</em>*). Also, the sample synthesized at 70 °C exhibited the highest <em>E</em><small><sub>a</sub></small>, indicating superior thermal stability and favorable reaction kinetics. The findings underscore the significant impact of synthesis temperature on the structural and thermal properties of NbSe<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanoparticles, with the sample synthesized at 70 °C demonstrating optimal characteristics. This study provides valuable insights into temperature-dependent synthesis and the thermal behavior of NbSe<small><sub>2</sub></small> nanoparticles, highlighting their potential in various technological applications.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":102,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"RSC Advances\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/ra/d4ra05108d?page=search\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"RSC Advances\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/ra/d4ra05108d\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"RSC Advances","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/ra/d4ra05108d","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
由于过渡金属二粲化物纳米粒子具有与尺寸相关的独特性质,它们有望彻底改变下一代电子学、能量存储和催化过程,因而成为研究的趋势。本研究探讨了在室温 (R.T.)、70 °C 和 100 °C 三种不同温度下通过超声化学方法合成 NbSe2 纳米粒子时温度的影响。能量色散 X 射线分析(EDAX)证实了 NbSe2 的高纯度,在 70 °C 下合成的样品显示出精确的化学计量比。X 射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,所有样品都保持了 NbSe2 的六方相,其中 70 °C 的样品因其晶粒大小、位错密度最低和内部应变最小而表现出更高的结晶度。热重分析 (TGA) 和差热重 (DTG) 分析表明,在 70 °C 下合成的样品具有最高的热稳定性、最低的总失重和最一致的质量损失行为。采用基辛格-阿卡希拉-苏诺塞(KAS)法和弗林-沃尔-奥泽(FWO)法评估了动力学参数,确定了活化能(Ea)、前指数因子(A)、活化焓变化(ΔH*)、活化熵变化(ΔS*)和吉布斯自由能变化(ΔG*)。此外,在 70 °C 下合成的样品表现出最高的 Ea,表明其具有卓越的热稳定性和有利的反应动力学。研究结果表明,合成温度对 NbSe2 纳米粒子的结构和热性能有显著影响,在 70 ℃ 下合成的样品具有最佳特性。这项研究为了解随温度变化的合成和 NbSe2 纳米粒子的热行为提供了宝贵的见解,凸显了它们在各种技术应用中的潜力。
Thermal investigation of NbSe2 nanoparticles synthesized through a temperature-dependent sonochemical method
Due to their unique size-dependent properties, transition metal di-chalcogenide nanoparticles are trending in research for their potential to revolutionize next-generation electronics, energy storage, and catalytic processes. This study addresses the effect of temperature when synthesizing NbSe2 nanoparticles via the sonochemical method at three different temperatures, room temperature (R.T.), 70 °C, and 100 °C. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed the high purity of NbSe2, with the sample synthesized at 70 °C, displaying the accurate stoichiometric ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all samples maintained the hexagonal phase of NbSe2, with 70 °C exhibiting superior crystallinity due to their crystallite size, lowest dislocation density, and minimal internal strain. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses, demonstrated that the sample synthesized at 70 °C had the highest thermal stability, with the lowest total weight loss and most consistent mass loss behavior. Kinetic parameters were evaluated using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods, determining activation energy (Ea), pre-exponential factor (A), change in activation enthalpy (ΔH*), change in activation entropy (ΔS*), and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG*). Also, the sample synthesized at 70 °C exhibited the highest Ea, indicating superior thermal stability and favorable reaction kinetics. The findings underscore the significant impact of synthesis temperature on the structural and thermal properties of NbSe2 nanoparticles, with the sample synthesized at 70 °C demonstrating optimal characteristics. This study provides valuable insights into temperature-dependent synthesis and the thermal behavior of NbSe2 nanoparticles, highlighting their potential in various technological applications.
期刊介绍:
An international, peer-reviewed journal covering all of the chemical sciences, including multidisciplinary and emerging areas. RSC Advances is a gold open access journal allowing researchers free access to research articles, and offering an affordable open access publishing option for authors around the world.