Alessandro Tuniz, Sabrina Garattoni, Han-Hao Cheng, Giuseppe Della Valle
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Silicon-based microdevices are considered promising candidates for consolidating several terahertz technologies into a common and practical platform. The practicality stems from the relatively low loss, device compactness, ease of fabrication, and wide range of available passive and active functionalities. Nevertheless, typical device footprints are limited by diffraction to several hundreds of micrometers, which hinders emerging nanoscale applications at terahertz frequencies. While metallic gap modes provide nanoscale terahertz confinement, efficiently coupling to them is difficult. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate a strategy for efficiently interfacing subterahertz radiation (λ = 1 mm) to a waveguide formed by a nanogap, etched in a gold film, that is 200 nm (λ/5000) wide and up to 4.5 mm long. The design principle relies on phase matching dielectric and nanogap waveguide modes, resulting in efficient directional coupling between them when they are placed side-by-side. Broadband far-field terahertz transmission experiments through the dielectric waveguide reveal a transmission dip near the designed wavelength due to resonant coupling. Near-field measurements on the surface of the gold layer confirm that such a dip is accompanied by a transfer of power to the nanogap, with an estimated coupling efficiency of ∼10%. Our approach efficiently interfaces millimeter waves with nanoscale waveguides in a tailored and controllable manner, with important implications for on-chip nanospectroscopy, telecommunications, and quantum technologies.
期刊介绍:
ACS Nano, published monthly, serves as an international forum for comprehensive articles on nanoscience and nanotechnology research at the intersections of chemistry, biology, materials science, physics, and engineering. The journal fosters communication among scientists in these communities, facilitating collaboration, new research opportunities, and advancements through discoveries. ACS Nano covers synthesis, assembly, characterization, theory, and simulation of nanostructures, nanobiotechnology, nanofabrication, methods and tools for nanoscience and nanotechnology, and self- and directed-assembly. Alongside original research articles, it offers thorough reviews, perspectives on cutting-edge research, and discussions envisioning the future of nanoscience and nanotechnology.