Grip strength, genetic predisposition, and Incident Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank

To examine the association and modifiable risk factors between grip strength (GS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) incidence considering genetic factors, a total of 411,648 individuals without PD at baseline from the UK Biobank were included. GS was measured by a hydraulic dynamometer. The polygenic risk score assessed the genetic predisposition. Multivariable Cox regression models were performed. During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 2409 individuals developed PD. Compared with those with high GS, low-GS individuals had a 58.5% increased risk of PD (42.7%–76.1%), and 16.3% of this excess risk could be explained by adjusted risk factors. Low GS and high genetic predisposition contribute to the highest PD risk in an additive interaction. We observed that low GS was associated with higher PD incidence, particularly among individuals with high genetic predisposition. In addition to enhancing GS, interventions targeting risk factors (e.g., unhealthy lifestyles) might also reduce the excess risk.