{"title":"灵芝废菌基质开发的纳米催化剂(CSA/BaO@K2CO3)用于从混合油原料中高效合成生物柴油","authors":"Sujata Brahma, Raju Ali, Papia Das, Sharmistha Brahma Kaur, Rebecca Daimari, Jonali Owary, Sandeep Das, Bipul Das, Sanjay Basumatary","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119871","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The dietary and biological advantages of mushrooms are driving a global boom in the mushroom industry. The widespread production of mushrooms corresponds to disposal challenge, generating a significant volume of biowaste known as spent mushroom substrate. Their use as a catalyst can assist in lowering the expense of producing catalyst and the issue related to their disposal. Hence, the current study focused on developing a nanocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis from a blend of eight different types of oil. The catalyst was synthesized by using spent mushroom substrate (sawdust) of <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> as the foundation of the catalyst, which was impregnated by BaO and K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> via the wet-impregnation method followed by calcination. The developed nanocatalyst CSA/BaO@K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (CSA, calcined spent substrate ash) was characterized via various sophisticated methods like XRD (X-ray Diffraction), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) - EDX (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), HRTEM (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy), and SAED (Selected Area Electron Diffraction). The HRTEM data showed that the average particle size of CSA/BaO@K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> was 14.368 ± 0.262 nm, which confirmed it as a nanocatalyst. The synthesized catalyst’s catalytic activity was investigated for the transesterification of the blended oil (BO), where the influence of different optimum parameters was investigated. The catalyst consisted of a BET surface area of 16.441 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and resulted in the highest biodiesel yield of 94.36 ± 0.29 % under the optimized reaction conditions of 10 wt% of catalyst load, 9:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio (MTOMR), 65 ℃ of reaction temperature, and 34.67 ± 0.58 min of reaction duration. The biodiesel conversion under the optimized condition was also determined and found to be 95.85 %. The conversion of biodiesel was confirmed using spectroscopic techniques. The reusability test was carried out and found that the catalyst was reusable for up to three cycles. The energy of activation for transesterification using the synthesized catalyst was evaluated to be 83.55 kJ/mol.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Spent mushroom substrate of Ganoderma lucidum developed nanocatalyst (CSA/BaO@K2CO3) for efficient biodiesel synthesis from blended oil feedstock\",\"authors\":\"Sujata Brahma, Raju Ali, Papia Das, Sharmistha Brahma Kaur, Rebecca Daimari, Jonali Owary, Sandeep Das, Bipul Das, Sanjay Basumatary\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119871\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The dietary and biological advantages of mushrooms are driving a global boom in the mushroom industry. The widespread production of mushrooms corresponds to disposal challenge, generating a significant volume of biowaste known as spent mushroom substrate. Their use as a catalyst can assist in lowering the expense of producing catalyst and the issue related to their disposal. Hence, the current study focused on developing a nanocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis from a blend of eight different types of oil. The catalyst was synthesized by using spent mushroom substrate (sawdust) of <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> as the foundation of the catalyst, which was impregnated by BaO and K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> via the wet-impregnation method followed by calcination. The developed nanocatalyst CSA/BaO@K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (CSA, calcined spent substrate ash) was characterized via various sophisticated methods like XRD (X-ray Diffraction), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) - EDX (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), HRTEM (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy), and SAED (Selected Area Electron Diffraction). The HRTEM data showed that the average particle size of CSA/BaO@K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> was 14.368 ± 0.262 nm, which confirmed it as a nanocatalyst. The synthesized catalyst’s catalytic activity was investigated for the transesterification of the blended oil (BO), where the influence of different optimum parameters was investigated. The catalyst consisted of a BET surface area of 16.441 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and resulted in the highest biodiesel yield of 94.36 ± 0.29 % under the optimized reaction conditions of 10 wt% of catalyst load, 9:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio (MTOMR), 65 ℃ of reaction temperature, and 34.67 ± 0.58 min of reaction duration. The biodiesel conversion under the optimized condition was also determined and found to be 95.85 %. The conversion of biodiesel was confirmed using spectroscopic techniques. The reusability test was carried out and found that the catalyst was reusable for up to three cycles. The energy of activation for transesterification using the synthesized catalyst was evaluated to be 83.55 kJ/mol.\",\"PeriodicalId\":13581,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Industrial Crops and Products\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Industrial Crops and Products\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119871\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Industrial Crops and Products","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119871","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
Spent mushroom substrate of Ganoderma lucidum developed nanocatalyst (CSA/BaO@K2CO3) for efficient biodiesel synthesis from blended oil feedstock
The dietary and biological advantages of mushrooms are driving a global boom in the mushroom industry. The widespread production of mushrooms corresponds to disposal challenge, generating a significant volume of biowaste known as spent mushroom substrate. Their use as a catalyst can assist in lowering the expense of producing catalyst and the issue related to their disposal. Hence, the current study focused on developing a nanocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis from a blend of eight different types of oil. The catalyst was synthesized by using spent mushroom substrate (sawdust) of Ganoderma lucidum as the foundation of the catalyst, which was impregnated by BaO and K2CO3 via the wet-impregnation method followed by calcination. The developed nanocatalyst CSA/BaO@K2CO3 (CSA, calcined spent substrate ash) was characterized via various sophisticated methods like XRD (X-ray Diffraction), BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) - EDX (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), HRTEM (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy), and SAED (Selected Area Electron Diffraction). The HRTEM data showed that the average particle size of CSA/BaO@K2CO3 was 14.368 ± 0.262 nm, which confirmed it as a nanocatalyst. The synthesized catalyst’s catalytic activity was investigated for the transesterification of the blended oil (BO), where the influence of different optimum parameters was investigated. The catalyst consisted of a BET surface area of 16.441 m2 g−1 and resulted in the highest biodiesel yield of 94.36 ± 0.29 % under the optimized reaction conditions of 10 wt% of catalyst load, 9:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio (MTOMR), 65 ℃ of reaction temperature, and 34.67 ± 0.58 min of reaction duration. The biodiesel conversion under the optimized condition was also determined and found to be 95.85 %. The conversion of biodiesel was confirmed using spectroscopic techniques. The reusability test was carried out and found that the catalyst was reusable for up to three cycles. The energy of activation for transesterification using the synthesized catalyst was evaluated to be 83.55 kJ/mol.
期刊介绍:
Industrial Crops and Products is an International Journal publishing academic and industrial research on industrial (defined as non-food/non-feed) crops and products. Papers concern both crop-oriented and bio-based materials from crops-oriented research, and should be of interest to an international audience, hypothesis driven, and where comparisons are made statistics performed.