癌症风险与美国大麻使用合法化:证据概述

IF 25.4 1区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Nigar Nargis, J Lee Westmaas, Eva Orr, Mohammed M Alqahtani, Parichoy Pal Choudhury, Farhad Islami, Ahmedin Jemal
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在美国,大麻正从全国范围内的非法状态向不同辖区内的医疗或娱乐使用自由化过渡。随着大麻的可接受性和可获得性不断提高,有必要更新有关娱乐性使用大麻致癌风险的知识,以便为公共卫生组织、政策制定者和临床从业人员的建议提供参考。我们回顾了迄今为止的证据。我们对当前全球流行病学证据进行的总括性审查显示,大麻暴露与癌症风险之间的联系更多是提示性的,而非结论性的。与吸食大麻关系最密切的癌症类型是非骨肉瘤睾丸癌。不过,也有证据表明其他类型癌症(例如肺鳞状细胞癌、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、口腔癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、喉癌、胰腺癌、甲状腺癌和儿童癌症)的发病风险也在增加,这突出表明将预防和停止使用大麻纳入癌症预防工作的潜在重要性。我们的审查还发现,需要复制以前的研究,开展更多的流行病学调查,采用严格的研究设计和数据收集规程,在评估大麻暴露时避免主要混杂因素、分类错误和测量误差等偏差。还需要对所有大麻产品(医用和娱乐)的长期健康和经济后果进行研究。目前,有关使用大麻的健康风险的证据不足,这降低了政策制定者、医疗保健专业人员和个人就使用大麻做出明智决定的能力,并可能使公众面临潜在的严重健康风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cancer risk and legalisation of access to cannabis in the USA: overview of the evidence
Cannabis in the USA is transitioning from a nationwide illegal status to liberalisation for medicinal or recreational use across different jurisdictions. As the acceptability and accessibility of cannabis continue to grow, updated knowledge on the cancer risk from recreational cannabis use is necessary to inform recommendations by public health organisations, policy makers, and clinical practitioners. We reviewed the evidence to date. Our umbrella review of current global epidemiological evidence reveals that links between cannabis exposure and cancer risk are more suggestive than conclusive. The cancer type most closely linked to cannabis use is non-seminoma testicular cancer. However, evidence is emerging of an increased risk of other types of cancer (eg, lung squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and oral, breast, liver, cervical, laryngeal, pancreatic, thyroid, and childhood cancer), underscoring the potential importance of incorporating prevention and cessation of cannabis use in cancer prevention efforts. Our review also identified the need for replication of previous studies for additional epidemiological investigations that use rigorous study designs, and data collection protocols free from the biases of major confounders, misclassification, and measurement error in assessing cannabis exposure. Research on the long-term health and economic consequences of all cannabis products (both medical and recreational) are also needed. Currently, the insufficient evidence on the health risks of cannabis use reduces the ability of policy makers, health-care professionals, and individuals to make informed decisions about cannabis use and could expose the public to a potentially serious health risk.
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来源期刊
Lancet Public Health
Lancet Public Health Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore
55.60
自引率
0.80%
发文量
305
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Lancet Public Health is committed to tackling the most pressing issues across all aspects of public health. We have a strong commitment to using science to improve health equity and social justice. In line with the values and vision of The Lancet, we take a broad and inclusive approach to public health and are interested in interdisciplinary research. We publish a range of content types that can advance public health policies and outcomes. These include Articles, Review, Comment, and Correspondence. Learn more about the types of papers we publish.
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